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European Front Battle of Stalingrad Summary of Battle: Soviets decide to take a stand in Stalingrad which was a major industrial railroad center – Sept. 1942:Germans began a campaign of bombing and shelling that lasted more than 2 months (Soviets took positions in rubble and engaged the advancing German troops in bitter house to house fighting) – November 1942: taking advantage of harsh weather, Soviets counter attack and surrounded the German army Battle of Stalingrad – January 1943: the Soviets launched a final assault on the freezing enemy and more than 90,000 surviving Germans surrendered to the Soviets Who was victorious? Allies Battle of Stalingrad Significance of the battle: Stalingrad was a turning point of the war in the east (Soviets were able to attack Western Europe) The failure of the German Army was nothing short of a disaster. A complete army group was lost at Stalingrad and 91,000 Germans were taken prisoner. With such a massive loss of manpower and equipment, the German simply did not have enough manpower to cope with the Russian advance to Germany when it came. Battle of Stalingrad video clip D-Day Summary of the Battle June 6, 1944: the largest landing by sea in history dropped 4,600 ship carriers landed on the coast (while ships were landing overhead RAF bombers pounded defenses in Normandy and 23,000 airborne British and American soldiers were dropped behind enemy line) Three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy to occupied France D-Day Dawn D-Day: allied warships in channel began a massive shelling off the coast some 1,000 American planes cont. the RAF’s air bombs and 150,000 Allied troops & their equipment began to go ashore along the 60 miles of Normandy coast Hitler did not counterattack but hesitated for fear of a larger invasion at the narrowest part of the English Channel ( even so German resistance toward Allies at Omaha Beach casualities numbered 2,000) D-Day Within one week of the battle beginning half a million men came ashore and by July allied Forces numbered some 2 million troops Who was victorious? Allied forces because they were able to land on the sixty miles of beach in France & then began there more into France to reclaim Allied land from Germany D-Day Significance of battle Allied landing in France was a psychological blow to the German occupation of Europe Called into question the German Army’s ability to control western Europe Heartened the spirits of all those fighting against Nazi tyranny D-Day Balance of power on the continent, already weakened by Soviet offensives into Poland, was decisively tipped into Allied favor. From that point on, the Allies would begin the drive into Germany that ultimately destroyed the Nazi regime on May 7, 1945 D-Day video clip Battle of the Bulge Summary of the Battle – Aug. 1944 American troops liberated Paris British & Canadian forces freed Brussels and Antwerp in Belgium a few days after Paris was free – Mid Sept. 1944 Combined Allied forces attacked Germans occupying Holland Americans crossed the western border of Germany – Dec. 1944: Hitler army counter attacked with soldiers as young as 15 in Belgium and Luxembourg (Start of the Battle of Bulge) fought desperately to save their homeland German attack overwhelmed American forces pushing them back and many small units cut off from the rest of army Battle of the Bulge From headquarters near Paris: Eisenhower ordered more troops to the scene and General Patton carried out the most spectacular scene: in just days his entire army of 250,000 soldiers from western France helped stop German advance Largest battle in western Europe during war and largest fought by U.S. Army (600,000 GIs80,000 killed, wounded or captured/German losses totaled 100,000 troops After battle most Nazi leaders recognized that war was lost Battle of the Bulge Who was victorious? Allies Significance of battle: Nazi leaders realized that the war was lost and eastern front was for the Soviet taking Battle of the Bulge video clip