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WORLD WAR II – PART ONE
Vocabulary
1. Dictator – leader who is not elected by the
people and dominates his/her country’s
government
2. Democracy – A form of government where the
people choose their leaders through elections
3. Appeasement - Giving in to someone’s
demands to avoid war
4. Isolationism – The belief in the importance of
staying out of other countries’ business.
5. United Nations – an international organization
of countries started after World War II.
6. Offensive – a military expansion
Causes of WWII in Europe
1. Failure of the
Treaty of
Versailles
2. Failure of the
League of Nations
3. Rise of Dictators
in Europe & Japan
4. Hitler’s Offensive
in Europe (Hitler’s
desire to expand
German territory)
Quick Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Define Isolationism
Define Democracy
Define Dictator
Define Holocaust
What were the FOUR causes of WWII in
Europe?
1. Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
• The Treaty Placed the blame on Germany
for WWI
• Demands were too harsh on Germany
– $33 Billion in Reparations-payments and
transfers of property/equipment
– Eliminate Air Force and Navy
– Limit military to 100,000
– Give up colonies and land
• The Treaty was a failure because
Germany violated its terms to rebuild its
Military and stopped paying reparations
2. Failure of the League of Nations
• US did not join League
• 1931 – Japan took control
of Manchuria and was
condemned by the League
so… They quit
• Hitler quit the League in
1933 and broke Treaty of
Versailles
• Mussolini took over
Ethiopia in 1936, also
violating the Treaty of
Versailles and the League’s
demands
3. The Rise of Dictators
• League of Nations tried setting
up democracies in Europe after
World War I
• HOWEVER… Economic and
Social Problems occurred and
people turned to dictators to
solve problems
• Adolf Hitler – Germany
• Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union
• Hideki Tojo – Japan
• Benito Mussolini - Italy
4. Hitler’s Offensive (military expansion)
Hitler’s Offensive (The Origins)
• Germany was looking
for someone to blame
for their problems
• Hitler brought rise to
the Nazi Party
• By 1933, Hitler was
named Chancellor of
Germany
• Hitler planned to create
a “supreme race” and
take over Europe
Hitler’s Offensive (The Main Event)
• 1936 – Germany took over the Rhineland (part of
France)
• 1938 – Germany took over Austria and demanded the
German speaking parts of Czechoslovakia (the
Sudetenland)
• Munich Agreement: France and Britain agreed to
Hitler’s takeover of Sudetenland (as long as
Germany promised to not invade Poland)
– Example of Appeasement
• Soviet Union: Hitler and Stalin sign a “friendship
pact”
Quick Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
Name THREE reasons that the Treaty of Versailles failed
Name THREE reasons that the League of Nations failed
Why do you think that dictators come to power?
Name FOUR dictators (and the countries they led) that
came to power in Europe and Japan.
5. What did Hitler do in 1936? 1938?
6. Explain the Munch Agreement. How is this an example
of appeasement?
World War II Begins
• Germany invaded
Poland on
September 1st 1939
• France and England
declared war on
Germany
• By 1940, Germany
invaded Denmark,
Netherlands, and
France, and more..
• Great Britain was
next…
The Blitzkrieg – Lightning Warfare
• An important German
tactic of war was The
Blitzkrieg or lighting war
• German planes would
bombard the target to
create confusion and
disrupt communication
• Tanks and infantry would
be sent in to trap enemies
• Enemies would be
encircled and eliminated
• Based on the elements of
speed and surprise
Japan’s Rise
• By 1937, Japan had
invaded China,
Korea and parts of
the USSR and
French Indochina
• Entered “Tripartite
Pact” with Germany
and Italy
• These 3 countries
formed the Axis
Powers by
September 27, 1940
The road to U.S. involvement in WWII
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
American Isolationism
Neutrality Act of 1939
Building of US Military
Lend-Lease Act
The Atlantic Charter
Shoot on Sight
Japanese Imperialism and the
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Quick Quiz
1. How did WWII begin? What did Germany do?
When?
2. Who declared War on Germany?
3. Briefly explain the Blitzkrieg
4. What countries was Japan invading during
this time?
5. Who was in the “Tripartite Pact”? What was
this pact called later?
6. Explain the EIGHT steps on the road to U.S.
involvment in WWII
1. Examples of American Isolationism
• Kellogg-Briand Pact
– Signed by 62 nations
– Said that war would not be used as national
policy
• Nye Committee Findings on WWI
– U.S. was dragged into WWI by “merchants of
death”
– Led to strong anti-war feeling in U.S.
• Neutrality Acts of 1935,1936, 1937
– Passed by Congress beginning in 1935
– Outlawed arms sales and loans to warring
nations including civil wars
2. Neutrality Act of 1939
• Only sounded
“neutral”
• Key piece of Act was
the..
• Cash-and-Carry Policy
– Nations at war could buy
US arms
– Must pay cash and carry
them on own ships
• Mostly benefited
France and Britain
3. Building U.S. Defenses
• 1940 Congress
boosted defense
spending
• Selective Training
and Service Act
– 1st peacetime draft
– Age 21 – 35 had to
register
– 1 million were drafted
for 1-year service
4. Lend-Lease Act
• 1940 – Britain ran out of
cash
• Lend or lease arms
– “Any country whose
defense was vital to the
United States”
• Lend-Lease Act passed
March 1941
– Immediately began helping
Great Britain
– June 1941 – Sent aid to
Soviet Union
5. Atlantic Charter
• Secret meeting between
Churchill (Britain) and
Roosevelt (US) on USS
Augusta
• Agreement made – both
countries will support:
–
–
–
–
–
Collective Security
Disarmament
Self-determination
Economic cooperation
Freedom of the Seas
• Was the beginnings of the
United Nations
6. Shoot on Sight
• German Policy of
attacking U.S. ships in
the Atlantic.
• Four ships attacked in
1941 alone
• Roosevelt Responds
– “America has been
attacked. The shooting
has started. And
history has recorded
who fired the first
shot.”
7. Japanese Imperialism
• Japanese Imperialism
– Invaded Manchuria in 1937
– Invaded French Indochina
– Only U.S. in their way
• US Responded
– Cut off trade including oil
– Japan needed oil to keep
going
• November 5, 1941 – Tojo
orders Japanese military to
plan for attack
7. The Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Dec. 7, 1941
• 180 Japanese war
planes
• 6 aircraft carriers
• Killed 2,403 Americans
less than 100 Japanese
• Damaged 21 ships and
over 300 planes
Pearl Harbor before the Attack
The United States Enters WWII
• Roosevelt immediately
declared war on Japan
(with the approval of
congress)
• Italy and Germany
immediately declared
war on America
• Axis Powers- Italy,
Germany, and Japan
• Allied Powers- Britain,
Soviet Union, United
States (France)
Quick Quiz
Explain THREE facts about EACH part of the road from
Isolationism to US involvement in World War II
Road to World
Important Information/
War II
Facts
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