Download World War II Powerpoint

World War II
Standard SS6H7: The student will explain conflict and change in
Europe to the 21st century.
b. Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the
origins of the Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers.
Acts of Aggression

During the 1930’s Japan, Italy, & Germany
committed acts of aggression against other
countries.

Aggression- a warlike action, such as an invasion
or an attack.
Hitler’s Aggression


In the 1930’s, many Germans lived in Austria,
Czechoslovakia, & Poland. Hitler wanted to
unite these countries to bring all Germans
together.
Hitler invaded Austria in 1938; Hitler invaded
the Sudetenland (region of Czechoslovakia) in
1938. Soon Hitler invaded the rest of
Czechoslovakia.
Hitler’s Aggression

Britain & France realized they could no longer
ignore Hitler. They asked the Soviet Union to be
their ally, but Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin had made
a secret alliance with Hitler.
Friends??
WWII Begins
September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland.
 Two days later Britain & France declared war
on Germany.
 Below is an interactive map of Nazi
controlled Europe:
http://www.worldology.com/Europe/world_war_
2_imap.htm

Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)


The Germans adopted a
war tactic called
blitzkrieg, which means
“lightning war.”
A characteristic of
blitzkrieg was a highly
mobile infantry and
armor working together.
Battle of Britain



Next, in the summer & autumn of 1940, Hitler
sent his planes to bomb Great Britain. The
British fought back with their own air force.
This became known as the Battle of Britain.
The Battle of Britain was the 1st major battle
to be fought entirely by air forces.
Battle of Britain

German Luftwaffe (Air Force) vs. Great Britain’s
Royal Air Force (RAF).
Battle of Britain

Citizens of Great Britain had to take cover
daily during German bombing raids.
Battle of Britain

London’s subways became home to
thousands during the bombings.
Winston Churchill


Winston Churchill
became Prime
Minister of Britain
in 1940.
During the Battle of
Britain, Churchill
encouraged the
British people to
resist the Nazis.
The British Bulldog
Betrayal




In June 1941, Hitler turned on his ally &
invaded the Soviet Union.
The Battle of Stalingrad begins. It lasted from
July 17, 1942 – February 2, 1943!
The battle was the bloodiest in the history
of warfare.
Combined casualties of 2 million people.
Battle of
Stalingrad


As winter set in, the
Germans found
themselves vulnerable to
Soviet attacks.
For the 1st time in the war,
Hitler’s army was forced
to retreat.
Other Side of the World



In late 1941, Japan was taking control of
Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
Seeing the U.S. as a possible enemy, Japanese
leaders attempted to destroy the U.S. naval
fleet in the Pacific.
On December 7, 1941, Japan launched an air
attack on the naval base of Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii.
Japan Prepares for the Attack
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Interactive Attack Map

Remembering Pearl Harbor @
nationalgeographic.com
Pearl Harbor Attack Facts





Japanese force consisted of six carriers with 423
planes.
Eighteen U.S. ships were hit.
Casualties included 2,335 servicemen and 68
civilians.
More than 180 U.S. aircraft were destroyed.
During the attack, the USS Arizona sank with a loss
of more than 1,100 men.
USS Arizona Memorial
World Consequences




THE NEXT DAY, December 8, 1941,
President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked
Congress to declare war on Japan.
Great Britain also declared war on Japan.
3 days later, Germany & Italy (both allies
with Japan) declared war on the U.S.
In response, Congress declared war on both
countries!
Holocaust



In 1942, Adolf Hitler
ordered the destruction of
Europe’s entire Jewish
population.
The Nazi genocide, the
planned killing of a race of
people, is called the
Holocaust.
6 million Jews and
millions of non-Jews were
persecuted and murdered.
by the Nazi regime and its followers.
Hitler believed that Germans were racially superior and that
Jews were inferior and a threat to the German Society.
Hitler blamed the Jews for everything:
1. Defeat in WWI
2. The Great Depression
3. Fall of Czar in Russia
At the beginning of WWII, Jews were taken from their
homes and sent to live in ghettoes or concentration (death)
camps.
Those who could work were forced into slave labor.
Those who could NOT work were sent to gas chambers and
killed.
Hitler also killed mentally ill people and physically handicapped
people claiming they were “unworthy of life” .
2:3 Ratio
Hitler killed 2 out of
every 3 Jews.
Many Europeans ignored or refused to believe what was happening
during the holocaust. Some people still deny that the Holocaust ever
occurred to this day.
Oskar Schindler
Some brave Europeans tried to save Jews
from being killed.
The Holocaust
TERMS TO KNOW:
1. Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews
2. Genocide – planned killing of a
race of people.
3. Holocaust – Greek word
meaning “sacrifice by fire”.
Auschwitz Virtual Tour

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/gen
ocide/launch_ani_auschwitz_map.shtml
Conflict

At the time of
Stalingrad, American
& British forces
defeated the Germans
in North Africa.


In the Pacific, Japan
lost several important
battles.
Led by the U.S., allied
forces, including
Australia & New
Zealand, began to
regain some of the
Pacific islands Japan
had taken.
The Allies Go Island Hopping

Island by island, the
Allies slowly pushed
the Japanese forces
back across the
Pacific Ocean.
Italy Crumbles




Summer of 1943 – Allies
capture the Italian island
of Sicily
Italians forced Mussolini
to resign.
Italy’s new leader
dissolved the Fascist Party.
September 1943- Italy
agreed to stop fighting the
Allies.
Mussolini alive and
dead. He is the person
farthest on the right.
Allies Invade Europe



On June 6, 1944,
Allied forces landed on
the beaches of
Normandy in NW
France.
This is known as
D-Day.
It was a success, but at
a heavy cost of life.
D-Day
D-Day
Allies Advance Towards Germany



August 1944 – Allies
liberate (free) Paris
Fall of 1944 – Allies
on German Border
Winter of 1944-1945
Battle of the Bulge in
Belgium
Battle of the Bulge



December 16, 1944 –
January 25, 1945
Last German offensive
move of the war
Americans held strong &
defeated the Germans
End of the War in Europe



With the Americans
attacking from the west
and the Soviet Red Army
attacking from the east,
the Nazi defenses fell
apart.
On April 30, 1945, with
Berlin surrounded, Adolf
Hitler committed suicide.
A week later, Germany
surrendered.
FDR Dies/End of War Nears

On April 12, 1945President Franklin D.
Roosevelt dies.

On April 12, 1945President Harry Truman
takes command.
A New Weapon Ends the War





President Truman decided to end the war with
a deadly, new weapon- the atomic Bomb.
August 6, 1945- U.S. drops an atomic Bomb
on Hiroshima, Japan
August 9, 1945- U.S. drops another Atomic
Bomb on Nagasaki, Japan
5 days later Japan surrendered
Surrender Ceremony happened on September
2, 1945 aboard USS Missouri officially
ending WWII
Atomic Bomb



Mushroom cloud of
the atomic bombing
of Nagasaki, Japan
Cloud rose 11 miles
above the ground
Atomic Bomb “Fat
Man”
Japan Surrender on USS Missouri
Hitler-Jugend
(Hitler Youth)
Motto: Blut und Ehre
(Blood and Honor)
Its Beginnings





HJ existed from 1922-1945.
HJ was the second oldest group in the Nazi
Party.
Hitlerjugend – male youth ages 14-18.
Deutsches Jungvolk – male youth 10-14.
Bund Deutscher (BDM: the League of German
Girls) – all children to adulthood.
Translation: “Youth serves the
leader. All ten year-olds into
Hitler Youth.”
Why The Young?
Hitler
wanted to build a “master
race.” The children of Germany
were viewed by Hitler as his future
hope for such success.
Children were also more naturally
teachable and would therefore be
more easily molded by Hitler than
older adults.
Children could also be of future
use in his war efforts.
Hitler’s Future
How Did Hitler Control His Youth?




Hitler used his image as a father figure. In traditional
German homes, you were to obey your father “without
question.”
Hitler used an organized program to keep his kids
occupied.
Hitler made certain that children were kept as ignorant
as possible. The more ignorant children are, the less likely
they are to question authority.
Hitler gathered the children into frequent rallies.
Youth rallies can have a strong peer pressure effect.
How Did Hitler Control His Youth?




Hitler used uniforms. By enforcing a dress code, Hitler’s
youth were taught to act and think the same.
Hitler used the Jews as a focus of blame.
Hitler used a propaganda program. He did this to make
sure only his ideas were advanced.
Hitler installed “spies” within these ranks of children.
Hitler’s children were taught to distrust each other and to
only trust Hitler.
HJ Training- The New Boy Scouts




The HJ put more emphasis on physical and military
training than on academic study.
After the boy scout movement was banned through
German-controlled countries, the HJ “borrowed” many
of its activities, but “changed” the content and their
intentions.
They now practiced weapons training, assault courses,
and other military training.
Some cruelty by the older boys toward the younger
ones was tolerated and even encouraged, since it was
believed this would weed out the unfit and harden the
rest.
HJ Training
HJ Training
HJ Membership
From 1936, membership
in the HJ was mandatory
for all young German men.
 HJ was also seen as
an important stepping
stone to future
membership of the elite
Schutzstaffel (the SS).

HJ Membership:




At the end of 1933, the HJ had 2,300,000 members.
By December 1936, HJ membership was just over 5
million. That same month, HJ membership became
mandatory for all Aryans.
In 1939, HJ membership was required even when it
was opposed by the member’s parents.
By 1940, HJ had 8 million members.
HJ members in
1933
League of German Girls
HJ Organization


HJ was organized into local cells on a community
level. Such cells had weekly meetings at which
various Nazi doctrines were taught by adult HJ
leaders.
Regional leaders typically organized rallies and
field exercises in which several dozen HJ
community groups would participate.
HJ Organization


The largest HJ
gathering usually
took place annually,
at Nuremberg.
Members from all
over Germany would
converge for the
annual Nazi Party
rally.
Nuremberg Rally
Nuremberg Rally
HJ in WWII


By 1943, Nazi leaders began turning the HJ into
a military reserve to draw manpower which had
been decreased due to huge military losses.
Some HJ units were known for their ferocity and
fanaticism for fighting to the very end.
After World War II


The HJ was disbanded by Allied authorities as
part of the denazification process.
Some HJ members were suspected of war
crimes, but because they were children, no
serious efforts were made to prosecute them.
1945 marked the end of Hilter Jugend forever.