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World War II What was WWII? • Largest war in human history. • Involved countries, colonies, and territories around the entire world. • By the end, over 70 million were dead. • It lasted from 1939 until 1945. Causes • W WI and the Treaty of Versailles • Appeasement • Rise of Totalitarianism WW1 and the Treaty of Versailles Germans: Treaty of Versailles was unfair? • Germany lost land (mandates) to surrounding nations • War reparations – Germany pays $57 trillion (modern day equivalent) • Must accept the Weimar Republic Why did the Germans disapproved a Republic type of gov’t? Were there attempts for peace before the World War II? League of Nations- 60 members Kellog-Briand Pact Why did all these attempts to prevent war failed? Nationalism • Giving someone something to make them happy and leave you alone. Appeasement Defeat of Central Power in WW1 gives prosperity to Allied Power countries 1929, stock market fell What happen at the time of Great Depression? Bread lines Defeat of Central Power in WW1 gives prosperity to Allied Power countries 1929, stock market fell Allied Powers: High tariff walls Germany, Italy and Japan became the aggressors in WWII The Rise To Power Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) • (WWI) Joined the Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party– NAZI • Aryan race were superior • Wrote a book entitled Mein Kampf How the great depression (My Battle) helped Hitler rise in power and be able to criticize Weimar Republic? What was the Holocaust? • • • • • Nazi plan to kill all Jews. Why? Hitler’s provided a to Germany’s problems 6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe. 5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals) Total of 11 million exterminated Genocide • Purposely trying to exterminate an entire group of people (ethnic, religious, racial). Heinrich Himmler Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland Francisco Franco Spanish Civil War Nationalist- restore church power abolish communism and create a fascist state VS Republicans or Loyalist Stands: Oct 1936, Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axisweapons and tactics Soviets- weapons & advisers US- neutral • Chancellor (1933) -Reichtag (German Parliament) -Paul Von Hindenburg (president) • Started to annex countries “Peace in Our Time!” Why did the European countries(Chamberlain& Daladier of France) tried to appease Hitler? Is the appeasement policy successful? The principle of complete and unrestricted power in government Rise of Totalitarianism • Individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the nation. – No right to vote – No free speech – Government controlled economy – Often a police state How will you describe the society under a totalitarianism? Totalitarianism USSR: Communist Dictatorship Germany & Italy: Fascist Dictatorship Japan: Military Dictatorship Adolf HitlerGermany Hideki Tojo Japan Benito Mussolini-Italy Josef StalinUSSR What is Fascism? • Political belief that says the individual is less important than the nation. SUPRANATIONALISM • Glorifies violence, believes it is needed to “prove” strength of a people. • Dictatorships How did WWII start? • Germany invaded Poland to get lebensraum What did Hitler Want? • Militarism Rhineland- moves troops into the Rhineland territory again breaking the Treaty of Versailles • Return the city of Danzig and Polish Corridor • Lebensraum- “living space” – Austria - annexed peacefully in 1938 – Sudetenland – territory in Czechoslovakia • Given to Germany by Great Britain and France – Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia – On to Poland How did WWII start? • Germany invaded Poland (Sept 1, 1939). • Allies declare war on Germany. • Germany then invades France, Belgium, etc. • Then Hitler invades Russia. -signed the Nazi Soviet Non-Aggression Pact -Stalin annexed 3 Baltic countries: estonia, latvia and lithuania • Germans use “blitzkrieg” to overwhelm other armies. – Blitzkrieg means “lightening war” in German. – Surround with tanks and troops in trucks. Why did the US join the war? • December 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii -Two hours = most US navy destroyed and 2,000 sailors killed • Japan surrenders after US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Aug 6 and 9, 1945). Events leading to the defeat of Axis Powers • Defeat of Germans in the battle of Stalingrad • Allies won battles in Africa • Mussolini’s armistice as an Italian leader • Unified military effort in Italy - Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Western Europe) - Gen. Sir Harold Alexander (Great Britain) How did WWII end in Europe? • Operation Overlord- Allied invasion of France. (Normandy, France) Also called D-Day. – Within a month 1 million Allied troops were stationed in Europe. – Allies (East) and USSR (West) ---Berlin – Germany is surrounded with the USSR to the east • Germany surrenders in May 7,1945 after Hitler commits suicide. Results of WWII • Allies divide Germany up between them. Potsdam Conference- divided Germany into 4 occupational zones. - made provisions for the occupation of Japan • Trials are held in Germany (and Japan) to try the people responsible for the war. – Many are executed and jailed for war crimes. • Formation of UN • Decline for Western imperialism Quick Facts • War Costs – US Debt 1940 - $9 Billion – US Debt 1945 - $98 Billion • WWII cost $330 billion – 10 times the cost of WWI & equivalent to all previous federal spending since 1776 Losses of the Major Wartime Powers in WWII, 1939-1945 • Germany – 4.5 million military – 2 million civilian • Japan – 2 million military – 350,000 civilians • Italy – 400,000 military – 100,000 civilian • China – 2.5 million military – 7.4 million civilians • USSR – 10 million military – 10 million civilians • Great Britain – 300,000 military – 50,000 civilians • France – 250,000 military – 350,000 civilian • United States – 274,000 military TOA: Quiz 4.2- WWII • 1 whole intermediate paper Answer directly. 1. How did Adolf Hitler rise to power? 2. Why did the great power in Europe adopt a policy of at first appeasing Hitler? 3. How did the rise of dictatorships cause WWII? 4. How did WWII start in Europe? In the Pacific? 5. What were the major results of WWII?