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TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
World War II
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
•
blitzkrieg – “lightning war” using improved
tanks and airpower
•
Luftwaffe – German air force
•
Vichy – location in France of Germany’s
“puppet state”
•
General Erwin Rommel – German general
known as the “Desert Fox”
•
D-Day – June 6, 1944, the day of the Allies’
invasion of France
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
•
Stalingrad – site of one of the costliest battles of
the war between Germany and the Soviet Union
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
•
V-E Day – the day the Allies achieved victory in
Europe, May 8, 1945
•
Bataan Death March – 65-mile march suffered
by American and Filipino prisoners of the Japanese
Manhattan Project – code name for a
collaboration of Allied scientists who raced to test
the first atomic bomb
Hiroshima – city in Japan where the first atomic
bomb was dropped in August 1945
Nagasaki – city in Japan where the second atomic
bomb was dropped in August 1945
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Which regions were attacked and occupied
by the Axis powers, and what was life like
under their occupation?
Diplomacy and compromise did not bring peace
with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, or imperial
Japan.
The Axis powers advanced, attacking countries in
Eastern and Western Europe. In the Pacific, Japan
captured countries and colonies on the islands
and the mainland of Asia. The Axis powers
brought misery to the peoples they conquered.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Hitler used the tactic of blitzkrieg, or
“lightning war,” to overrun much of Europe,
starting with Poland on September 1, 1939.
The German air
force, the Luftwaffe,
bombed airfields,
factories, and cities
in Poland. Then, fastmoving tanks and
troops pushed their
way in from the west.
Meanwhile,
Stalin’s forces
invaded Poland
from the east.
Within a month,
Poland ceased
to exist.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Hitler waited out
the winter. Then,
in the spring of
1940, German
forces overran
Norway, Denmark,
the Netherlands,
and Belgium.
Next, German
troops poured
into France,
trapping the
retreating
British forces
at Dunkirk.
British vessels
crossed the
English Channel
and ferried
more than
300,000 British
troops to safety.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Germany continued to attack Western Europe.
• German forces headed to Paris. With
Italy attacking from the south, France
was forced to surrender in June 1940.
• Germany occupied northern France
and set up a puppet government at
Vichy in southern France.
• Next Hitler set his sights on Britain,
calling this planned invasion
“Operation Sea Lion.”
• In September of 1940, the Luftwaffe
began 57 straight nights of showering
high explosives and firebombs on
London.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
London did not
break under the
Nazi blitz.
• Citizens carried on
with their daily lives,
seeking protection in
shelters and subways.
• The Luftwaffe could
not gain superiority
over Britain. Operation
Sea Lion was a failure.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Despite his failure to conquer Britain, Hitler
seemed unstoppable.
•
German armies under the command of General
Erwin Rommel pushed into North Africa.
•
In addition, Axis armies invaded Greece,
Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Hungary.
•
By 1941, the Axis powers or their allies controlled
most of Europe.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In June 1941, Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact when
he attacked the Soviet Union.
The attack stalled during the winter when thousands
of unprepared Germans froze to death.
d. June, 1941: Hitler double crossed Stalin and invaded
Russia through Poland
i. Big Mistake! Stalin used Scorched Earth
military tactic- destroy everything in retreat
ii. Harsh winter and lack of useable supplies resulted in over 1
million Nazi loses
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The European Theater
5.December 7th, 1941: Japanese Attack on
Pearl Harbor
a.U.S. Pacific Fleet was based at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
b.Attack was meant to cripple U.S. fleet so couldn’t interfere
with Japan
c.Six aircraft carriers and 353 Japanese planes attacked in
two waves
d.2,403 died (1,177 killed on the U.S.S. Arizona)
e.U.S. declared war on Japan the next day “…Date that will
live in Infamy…”
f.Germany & Italy declared war on the U.S. on Dec 8, 1941
(Tripartite Pact)
The attack opened two fighting theatres The Pacific Theatre
and the European theatre of fighting.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
U.S.S. Arizona
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
U.S.S. Arizona Today
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The European Theater
6.Key Nations at War
1.Allies: Great Britain, France, Soviet Union,
United States
2.Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The European Theater
f.Eastern Front: Stalingrad
i.The Nazis were fighting the Russians in Stalingrad (Aug
1942-Feb 1943)
ii.One of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare
iii.Nazis are defeated; turning point of the war for the Allies
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
After Stalingrad, the Red Army drove Hitler’s
forces out of the Soviet Union.
By early 1944,
Soviet troops
were advancing
into Eastern
Europe toward
Germany.
German prisoners marched to Stalingrad
after their defeat by the Soviet army.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
By 1944, the Allies were ready to invade France.
On June 6,
1944, ships
ferried
156,000 Allied
troops across
the English
Channel to the
beaches of
Normandy.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The European Theater
g.Western Front: D-Day
i.General Eisenhower planned D-Day for
June 6, 1944
ii.Allied invasion across English Channel
into Normandy, France
iii.Largest military invasion in history
iv.Allies success allowed them to push
further into France
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
D-Day
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Despite heavy
German defenses
on the beach and
heavy losses, the
D-Day landing was
a success.
• Allied troops broke through the German lines
and advanced toward Paris.
• Within a month, all of France was liberated.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Under the pressure of war,
democratic governments limited the
rights of citizens.
• Allied governments censored the press and
used propaganda to win support for the war.
• Many Japanese Americans and Japanese
Canadians lost their jobs and property and
were interned in camps.
• The British took similar action against
German refugees.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did the Allies finally defeat the
Axis powers?
By 1945, the war in Europe was nearing its end.
Germany was being attacked from east and west,
and Axis armies were surrendering.
In the Pacific, a series of bloody battles continued on
the islands as Allied military leaders planned
a land invasion of Japan. World War II finally ended
when the United States dropped atomic bombs on
two Japanese cities.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
There were
several reasons
why the mighty
Axis powers fell
to the Allies.
•
Germany’s geographic location
left it open to invasion from
all sides.
•
Hitler made some poor military
decisions.
•
The Soviet army proved far
stronger than expected.
•
The United States
had an enormous
capacity for
industrial production.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
By this time,
Germany was
reeling under
round-the-clock
bombing.
After freeing
France, Allied
forces battled by
land into Germany.
By early 1945
Germany’s defeat
seemed inevitable.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In the spring of 1945, the Nazis were
surrounded and defeated.
•
From the west the Allies surged into Germany, and
from the east Soviet troops closed in on Berlin.
•
In Italy, guerrillas captured and executed Mussolini.
Hitler committed suicide.
The Allies proclaimed May 8, 1945, V-E Day
(victory in Europe).
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Allies could now focus on defeating Japan.
Until mid-1942, Japan had been undefeated in
the Pacific.
They gained control
of the Philippines in
May 1942 and
forced U.S. and
Filipino soldiers on
the Bataan Death
March.
However, after the
battles of Midway and
the Coral Sea, the
United States took the
offensive in the Pacific.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Meanwhile, Allied scientists offered another
way to end the war.
•
They worked on splitting the atom to create a new
kind of bomb.
•
In July 1945, the Manhattan Project successfully
tested the first atomic bomb in New Mexico.
•
Harry Truman, who had become president after the
death of Franklin Roosevelt, realized that it was a
terrible new force for destruction. Nevertheless, he
decided to use the new weapon against Japan.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Allied leaders warned Japan to surrender or face
destruction. Japan ignored the warning.
On August 6,
1945, U.S.
planes dropped
the first atomic
bomb on
Hiroshima,
instantly killing
more than
70,000 people.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
August 8: The Soviet Union invaded Manchuria.
The Japanese did not respond.
August 9: The United States dropped a second
atomic bomb on Nagasaki. This time, more
than 40,000 people were killed.
August 10: Emperor Hirohito intervened and
forced the government to surrender.
September 2, 1945: A formal peace treaty
was signed.