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Chapter 32, Section 1
“Hitler’s Lightning War”
A German propaganda poster
proclaiming, “One People,
One Reich, One Führer!”
I.
Germany Sparks a New War in Europe
A. Nonaggression Pact
1. nations promise not to attack one another
2. Germany & Soviet Union agreed to divide Poland between
them
B. Germany’s Lightning Attack
1. September 1, 1939 – Hitler attacked Poland
2. September 3, 1939 – Britain & France declared war on
Germany
3. Hitler annexed western half of Poland
4. blitzkrieg
a. “lightning war”
b. fast –moving airplanes & tanks; massive infantry
forces
C. The Soviets Make Their Move
1. September 17 – Soviet troops sent to occupy eastern
half of Poland
2. Lithuania, Lativa, and Estonia fell w/out struggle
3. Finland resisted
a. Stalin sends 1 million troops into Finland
b. outnumbered and outgunned, Finns defended their
country
c. March 1940 – Finland accepts surrender
Hitler’s lightening war
D. The Phony War
1. Maginot Line
a. fortifications along France’s border w/ Germany
b. waited for Germans to attack; nothing happened
2. Hitler launches surprise invasion of Denmark & Norway
a. Denmark fell, then Norway
b. now Germans could launch strikes on Great Britain
II. The Fall of France
A. Rescue at Dunkirk
1. French troops trapped on beaches of Dunkirk
a. Great Britain sent about 850 ships across English
Channel
b. Royal Navy ships & civilian craft joined rescue effort
c. 338,000 soldiers carried to safety
Rescue at Dunkirk
2. France Falls
a. by June 14, Germans took Paris
b. June 22 – France surrendered
1. Germans took control of northern France
2. established Puppet gov’t in southern France
c. Charles de Gaulle – French general
1. exile in London
2. put all his energy into re-conquering France
III. The Battle of Britain
A. Great Britain stands alone against Germany
1. Winston Churchill – new British Prime Minister
2. Royal Air Force (RAF) – British Air Force vs. Luftwaffe –
German Air Force
3. began bombing London on Sept. 7, 1940
a. RAF hit back hard
4. lasted until May 10, 1941
5. Hitler called off attacks
Winston Churchill
The Battle of Britain
IV. The Eastern Front
A. Hitler Invades the Soviet Union
1. Operation Barbarossa
a. Hitler’s plan to invade Soviet Union
2. poorly equipped & poorly trained Soviet troops
3. Leningrad under siege
a. Nazis starved +2.5 million citizens
b. about 1 million died, but city refused to fall
c. Hitler moved toward Moscow (Russian capital) and
temp. fell
d. temperatures fell, but Hitler refused to retreat
e. Hitler’s advance gained nothing, and cost 500,000
German lives
V. The United States Aids Its Allies
A. Lend-Lease Act, March 1941
1. U.S. could lend or lease arms/supplies to any country vital
to the U.S.
President Roosevelt signs the
Lend-Lease Act
2. Atlantic Charter signed between U.S. & Britain
a. free trade & people choose own gov’t
3. Sept. 4 – German U-boat fired on U.S. ship
a. U.S. Navy ordered to shoot German sub. on
site
b. U.S. involved in undeclared naval war w/
Hitler
Winston Churchill & President
Roosevelt meet to draft the
Atlantic Charter
Daily Essential Questions
1. Why were the early months of World War II referred to as
the “phony war?”
2. Why did President Franklin Roosevelt want to offer help
to the Allies? How did he help?