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American mutilation of Japanese war dead wikipedia , lookup
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Pump-Up • List any battles that you know take place during WWII. • Describe what you believe fighting will be like during WWII. Fighting in World War II Today’s Vocabulary • D-day – Turning point in Europe. • Battle of Midway – Turning point in the Pacific. • Island Hopping – Strategy of hopping around the Pacific to take only those islands that were most important. Battle of the Atlantic • Allies needed control of the seas. – German u-boats used the “wolf pack” strategy to gain the advantage. • Allies traveled in convoys and were protected by aircraft from above. • Broke the German code. – U-boats become known as “iron coffins”. Battle of Stalingrad • Hitler breaks the NonAggression Pact with Stalin. – Uses blitzkrieg to take the Soviet Union. • The Russian winter slowed the Germans but Hitler was determined to take Stalingrad. – A major industrial center and railroad junction. • The Russians were forbidden to retreat and practiced scorched earth policy to gain the advantage. – Both sides lost nearly ½ a million soldiers each. North Africa and Italy • U.S. and British defeated Rommel in North Africa. – Vital for control of the Suez Canal. • Soviet Union wanted an Allied invasion of Europe. – Fighting continued in Italy for nearly a year. Casablanca Conference • Allied powers agreed to step up the bombing in Germany. – Dropped 53,000 tons of bombs every month. • Caused oil shortage, wrecked the railroad system, and destroyed factories and air force. Tehran Conference • Stalin promised the Allies he would: – Divide Germany after the war. – Help the U.S. against Japan. – Create an international peace-keeping organization after the war. D-Day (Operation Overlord) • Occurred on June 6, 1944 at Normandy, France. – Americans land at Utah and Omaha beaches. • Germans were slow to respond b/c they believed the invasion would occur at a different location in France. • Costs were high, but D-Day was a success. Battle of the Bulge • Germany launches one last surprise attack. – Wanted to cut Allied supplies. • Allies faced below zero temperatures, 6 inches of snow and were low on supplies. • George S. Patton arrived to provide relief for the American force. The Pacific • Japan was strong and gained many islands in the Pacific with oil reserves. • In the Philippines, General Douglas MacArthur and his troops were surrounded at the Bataan Peninsula with no supplies. – MacArthur were ordered to leave his men, but promised to return. • Bataan Death March – Forced to march 65 miles in tropical heat with little food or water. – 7,000 to 10,000 died. Doolittle’s Raid on Tokyo • James Doolittle led 16 American bombers on an air raid of Tokyo. • Planes had to land in China. • Had little effect but did change American and Japanese thinking. Battle of Coral Sea • U.S. had broken Japanese navy’s secret code. • Japanese advance had been halted for the 1st time. – Kept Australia safe. Battle of Midway • Admiral Chester Nimitz knew of the attack before it happened and was prepared. • Americans were able to fire on Japanese ships before the Japanese planes had even taken off. – Protected Hawaii from Japanese invasion. Guadalcanal • The Japanese had airfield on the island. – The rest of the island offered little. • U.S. navy came under heavy fire and were forced to retreat. – Left 100,000 marines to hold the island. • Bloody 6 month battle. Island Hopping • The Pacific Fleet would advance by “hopping” from one island to the next. – American industrial power was able to replace supplies. • Pacific benefited from Allied gains in Europe. – More troops available to fight in the Pacific. • Navajo code talkers. – Unwritten, complex Native American language. Back to the Philippines • Battle of Leyte Gulf – Largest naval battle ever fought. • Japan starts using kamikaze pilots. – Suicide bombers. • MacArthur finally returned to the Philippines. – 80,000 Japanese are killed in the attack. – Less than 1,000 surrender. Battle of Iwo Jima • For the 1st time, Japanese troops were fighting for land that was a part of Japan. – Americans needed an island closer to Japan so they could refuel. • Japanese hid in caves and tunnels and fought viciously. – 19,000 Japanese died. – Only 1,000 surrendered. Battle of Okinawa • Would be the launching pad for the final invasion of Japan. – Only 350 miles away from Japan. • The island was filled with caves and tunnels. – Japanese civilians also lived on the island. • Bloodiest battle in the Pacific. – 12,000 Americans died. – 110,000 troops Japanese died. Reflection • What were the most important battles of Europe and of the Pacific and explain why they were significant.