Download Notes Holocaust with Clip

11 million people were exterminated
6 million Jews
5 million people
1933 - 1945
They were shot,
starved, gassed and
burned…
Defining the Holocaust
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HOLOCAUST: originally
meant a sacrifice totally
burned by fire
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Hitler and Nazi plan to purify
the Aryan race
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Massive slaughter of Jews,
homosexuals, gypsies, disabled
people and other
“undesirables” under Nazi
regime during World War II
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GENOCIDE: the systematic
extermination of a nationality
or group
Cold Hard Facts
Casualties of the Holocaust:
 63% of Jewish population in Europe killed
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91% of Jewish population in Poland killed
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Auschwitz-Birkenau was liberated by Soviet troops on
Jan. 27, 1945. The Soviets found 836, 255 women’s
dresses, 348, 000 men’s suits, 38, 000 pairs of men’s
shoes and 14, 000 pounds of human hair. But only
7, 650 live prisoners
How did the Holocaust Happen?
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The Power of Words
The Stages of Isolation
The Bystander versus
the Collaborator
Anti-Semitism
The Power of Words…
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“The great masses of the people will more easily fall
victims to a big lie than a small one”
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“How fortunate for leaders that men do not think”
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The victor will never be asked if he told the truth”
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The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil
assumes the living shape of the Jew”
What do all these quotes have in common?
All Quotes of Adolf Hitler…
European Jewish Population in 1933
was 9,508,340
Estimated Jewish Survivors of
Holocaust: 3,546,211
The Stages of Isolation
The Holocaust was a progression of actions
leading to the annihilation of millions by:
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1: Stripping of Rights
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2: Segregation
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3: Concentration
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4: Extermination
Stage 1: Stripping of Rights
1935: Nuremberg Laws stated that all
JEWS were :
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stripped of German citizenship
fired from jobs & businesses
boycotted
banned from German schools and
universities
Marriages between Jews and Aryans
forbidden
Forced to carry ID cards
Passports stamped with a “J”
forced to wear the arm band of the
Yellow “Star of David”
Jewish synagogues destroyed
forced to pay reparations and a
special income tax
Jewish Businesses
Identified by Signs
Boycott Sign in Jewish
Business, 1933
Armband
Passports must be
carried at all times.
“J” stands for Juden
Schindler’s List
“Whoever saves one life, saves the world entire”
•Oskar
Schindler is a vain, glorious and greedy German
businessman who becomes unlikely humanitarian amid the barbaric
Nazi reign when he feels compelled to turn his factory into a refuge
for Jews. Based on the true story of Oskar Schindler who managed
to save about 1100 Jews from being gassed at the Auschwitz
concentration camp. A testament for the good in all of us.
•Clip
1: Chapter 5 (entering ghetto)- 5 min
Stage 2: Segregation
GHETTOS
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Jews were forced to live in
designated areas called “ghettos”
to isolate them from the rest of
society
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Nazis established 356 ghettos in
Poland, the Soviet Union,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, and
Hungary during WWII
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Ghettos were filthy, with poor
sanitation and extreme
overcrowding
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Disease was rampant and food
was in such short supply that
many slowly starved to death
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Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held
500,000 people and was 3.5 square
miles in size
Nazi ghettos were a preliminary step in the annihilation of the Jews,
as the ghettos became transition areas, used as collection points for
deportation to concentration & death camps
Schindler’s List
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Clip 2: Start at 45:00 min - 49:30 (train)
Clip 3: Chapter 14 (Liquidation of Ghetto)- 17
min
Stage 3: Concentration Camps
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Essential to Nazi’s systematic oppression and eventual mass
murder of enemies of Nazi Germany (Jews, Communists,
homosexuals, opponents)
Slave labor “annihilation by work”
Prisoners faced undernourishment and starvation
Prisoners transported in cattle freight cars
Camps were built on railroad lines for efficient transportation
Life in the Camps
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Possessions were
confiscated
Heads were shaved
Arms tattooed
Prison uniforms
Men, women and
children were
separated
Survival based on
trade skills / physical
strength
Unsanitary, disease
ridden and lice
infested barracks
Inhumane medical
experiments
Schindler’s List
Clip 4: Chapter 17 (concentration
camps / factory)- 4 min
Stage 4: Extermination
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Einsatzgruppen(mobile
killing units) had began
killing operations aimed at
entire Jewish communities in
the 1930s
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Death Factories: Nazi
extermination camps fulfilled
the singular function of mass
murder
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Euthanasia program: Nazi
policy to eliminate “life
unworthy of life” (mentally or
physically challenged) to
promote Aryan “racial
integrity”
“FINAL SOLUTION”
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Wannsee
Conference
(Berlin -1942 )
established the
“complete
solution of the
Jewish question”
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called for the
complete and
mass annihilation
and extermination
of the Jews as well
as other groups
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Zyklon B gas
became the agent
in the mass
extermination
Gas Chambers & Crematoriums
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Prisoners were sent to gas
chambers disguised as showers
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Zyklon B gas used to gas people
in 3 – 15 minutes
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Up to 8000 people were gassed
per day at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
the largest death camp with 4
operating gas chambers
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Gold fillings from victims teeth
were melted down to make gold
bards
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Prisoners moved dead bodies to
massive crematoriums
Schindler’s List
Clip 5: Chapter 1: Burning (disc 2)- 3 min
Clip 6: Chapter 4: Showers (disc 2)- 4 min
Clip 7: Chapter 11: Liberation (7 min)
Nearing the End of the War
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By 1945, the Nazis’ began
to destroy crematoriums
and camps as Allied
troops closed in
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Death Marches
(Todesmarsche):
Between 1944-1945, Nazis
ordered marches over
long distances.
Approximately 250 000 –
375 000 prisoners
perished in Death
Marches
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On January 27, 1945, the
Soviet army entered
Auschwitz (largest
camp) and liberated more
than 7,000 remaining
prisoners, who were
mostly ill and dying.
Nazis confiscated property of prisoners in
storerooms nicknamed “Kanada” because the sheer
amount of loot stored there was associated with the
riches of Canada
Swastika: A Symbol of Good or Evil?
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swastika is an ancient Indian symbol (Sanskrit) that is
over 3,000 years old meaning well being, life and good luck
Common symbol in ancient civilizations (Mesopotamia,
India, China, Central and South America (Maya)
The
In 1920, Adolf Hitler decided that the Nazi Party needed its
own flag and chose the swastika to represent the mission of
the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man
Because of the Nazis' flag, the swastika soon became a
symbol of hate, anti-Semitism, violence, death, and murder.
Holocaust Art
Aftermath
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Yom ha-Shoah:
Holocaust Remembrance
Day established in 1951
Nuremberg Trials: 19451949 were trials for war
crimes of Nazi officials
(24 Nazi leaders tried)
Anti-Semitism in the
world today
For their Religious Beliefs, They
Stood Firm – the Jehovah Witnesses
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Every European country, even Germany, had those who did not
believe in the Nazi ideology and who were willing to die for their
beliefs. Perhaps no other group stood so firmly in their beliefs
as the Jehovah Witnesses. Hitler felt particularly threatened by
this strong group of Christians because they, from the very
beginning, refused to recognize any God other than
Jehovah. When asked to sign documents of loyalty to the Nazi
ideology, they refused. Jehovah Witnesses were forced to wear
purple armbands and thousands were imprisoned as "dangerous"
traitors because they refused to take a pledge of loyalty to the
Third Reich.
For their Race they were
Executed – the Gypsies
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Like the Jews, the Rom Gypsies were chosen for total
annihilation just because of their race. Even though Jews are
defined by religion, Hitler saw the Jewish people as a race that he
believed needed to be completely annihilated. Like the Jews, the
Rom Gypsies also were a nomadic people that were persecuted
throughout history. Both groups were denied certain privileges
in many European countries. The Germans believed both the
Jews and the Gypsies were also moved into special areas set up
by the Nazis. Half a million Gypsies, almost the entire Eastern
European Gypsy population, was wiped out during the
Holocaust.
Men and Women of Courage
From All Nations – the Resisters
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Every European nation had its courageous resisters. Poland's
Underground Army - made up of children, teenagers, and regular
men and women - was responsible for defending the lives of
thousands of its Jewish and non-Jewish citizens. Many were
killed for their acts of courage against the Nazis. Even though
most German citizens were supportive of Hitler's plan to control
Europe, there were German citizens who died because they
refused to go along with Hitler's plan.
Priests and Pastors Died for their
Beliefs
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Hitler wanted no only to conquer all of Europe, he also wanted
to create a new religion and replace Jesus Christ as a figure of
worship. Hitler expected his followers to worship the Nazi
ideology. Since Catholic priests and Christian pastors were often
influential leaders in their community, they were sought out by
the Nazi very early. Thousands of Catholic priest and Christian
pastors were forced into concentration camps. A special
barracks was set up at Dachau, a camp near Munich, Germany,
for clergymen. A few survived; some were executed, but most
were allowed to die slowly of starvation and disease.
Pink Triangle for Homosexuals
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Because Hitler's plan for a great master race had no room for any
homosexuals, many males from all nations, including Germany,
were persecuted, tortured and executed. Hitler even searched his
own men and found suspected homosexuals that were then sent
to concentration camps wearing their SS uniforms and
medals. The homosexual inmates were forced to wear pink
triangles on their clothes so they could be easily recognized and
further humiliated inside the camps. Between 5000 to 15 000
homosexuals died in concentration camps during the Holocaust.
No Place for the Disabled
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The Nazis decided that it was a waste of time
and money to support the disabled. During
Hitler's "cleansing program", thousands of
people with various handicaps were deemed
useless and simply put to death like dogs and
cats.
Sterilization for Black Children
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Prior to WWI, there were very few dark-skinned people of
African descent in Germany. But, during World War I, black
African soldiers were brought in by the French during the Allied
occupation. Most of the Germans, who were very race
conscious, despised the dark-skinned "invasion". Some of these
black soldiers married white German women that bore children
referred to as "Rhineland Bastards" or the "Black Disgrace". In
Mein Kampf, Hitler said he would eliminate all children born of
African German descent because he considered them an "insult"
to the German nation.
Death or Divorce - A Choice for
Many
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Many husbands and wives of Jews in Germany
were forced to choose between divorce or
concentration camps. Hitler would not allow
"interracial" marriages. Those that chose to
remain married were punished by imprisonment
in camps where many died.
Jewish Converts- No Matter to
the Nazi Regime
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What happened to former Jews who converted
to Christianity? In German occupied Poland, a
Jew who converted to Christianity was
considered to be still a Jew. The Warsaw
Ghetto had a special section for such converts
and there was even a Catholic Church that
served them. It is believed that they shared the
fate of all the other Jews.
WHY DO WE REMEMBER THE
HOLOCAUST?