Download SOL 10 & 11 World War II

SOL 10 & 11
Totalitarian Government
On Vocab. List!!!
• Complete control over the
people!!!!!
EX) Joseph Stalin—Russia
Benito Mussolini—Italy
Adolf Hitler—Germany
Joseph Stalin—Russia
On Vocab list!!!
Collective Farms: • Gov’t took control
of all farms
Five Year Plans: • To Industrialize
Purges:
• Eliminate any
threats to power
Benito Mussolini—Italy
On Vocab List
• Estab. Fascist Party 1921
• King appointed him head of govt
• Black Shirts
Adolf Hitler—Germany
On Vocab list!!!
• Nazi Party
• Mein Kampf
• Aryans = master race
• Unify all German speaking ppl
Japan’s Invasion of Manchuria
(1931)
• Wanted more living space
• League of Nations’ condemned
Japan & Japan left League
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Japan’s invasion of Manchuria
(1931)
Hitler’s Response:
–1933 pulled out of League
–1935 built up military
–1936 went into Rhineland
–League did nothing!
http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/higher/img/history/roa
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Japan’s Invasion of Manchuria
(1931)
USA’s Response:
Refused to recognize
Japan’s conquests in Asia
Imposed an embargo on
exports of oil & steel to Japan
Mussolini Invades
Ethiopia
• Ethiopia asked
League for
help!!!!
• League did
NOTHING!!!!!!!!!
Spanish Civil War
• King of Spain abdicated throne
• New republic w/reforms
• Spanish Nationalists (or Falange) led by
Francisco Franco
• Germany and Italy sent aid to help Franco
• France, U.S., and Great Britain send aid
to counter Franco
• Franco became dictator—but did not join
Rome-Berlin Axis
Neutrality Acts—USA
On Vocab list!!
• 1935 couldn’t sell arms/ loan $$
to nations @ war
Austria
Sudetenland
Poland
• 1938 (aga. Treaty)
• 1938
• Blitzkrieg “lightening
war”
• Sep. 1, 1939
• Began WWII
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Withdrew from the League in 1933
Hitler announced rearm his country
1936—troops sent into Rhineland
Germany and Italy formed treaty to
prevent the spread of communism
• Hitler wanted Anschluss-union—with
Austria
• Hitler convinced Austrian chancellor
to appoint Nazis to key positions
• Austria appealed to the west—but ignored
• March 1938—Austria annexed
• Czechoslovakia—3 million Germans in
Sudetenland—Hitler demanded this
region—09/12/1939—give it to him or he
would take by force
• Neville Chamberlain—British Prime
Minister—set a meeting—accepted
Hitler’s demands
• Policy of appeasement—granting
concessions to maintain peace—does not
work with Hitler!!!
• Hitler not satisfied—raised demands
• Mussolini offered compromise—give
Hitler Sudetenland and Hitler
promised not to take any more
territory and to settle w/negotiation
• Chamberlain thought—peace
preserved; Hitler invaded Czech.
03/15/1939
• Hitler can not be trusted
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Hitler moved into Lithuania
Mussolini invaded Albania
Britain and France prepared for war
They approached Stalin—feared
Hitler would make an alliance
• Stalin negotiating with both sides
• August 1939—Nazi-Soviet Pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Why would these two enemies
become allies?
– For Germany, there would be no war on
two fronts
– For Russia, it would give them time to
prepare for war, because they knew
that Germany would eventually want to
invade the U.S.S.R. to conquer all of
Europe
Nazi-Soviet Pact cont…
• Non-aggression Pact
• Germany and U.S.S.R. would not
attack one another and would remain
neutral if the other were attacked
• Two sides would divide Europe after
the war
WWII Begins!!
• Spark began in Poland
• Hitler wanted Port of Danzig in Polish
Corridor (used to belong to
Germany)
• 09/01/1939—Germany annexed
Danzig
• Air raids over Poland
• 2 days later France and Great Britain
declared war on Germany
Germany Attacks--Poland
• Blitzkrieg: German for lightning
war—with air raids
• On Poland
• Panzer units—German tanks and
armored trucks on ground
• Poles surrendered within one month
Soviets attack!!
• Soviets march into Poland from
east—disappears from map!!
• Soviets then attacked Finland
Germany’s turn
• April 9, 1940---invaded Denmark and
Norway (w/help from collaborators)—
people willing to help their country’s
enemies
• Hitler took Scandinavia for an outlet
to the Atlantic—not get blocked in
like WWI
Great Britain feels pressure
• Hitler moved in “a little too close for
comfort”
• People angry at Neville Chamberlain
and appeasement—resigned
• May 1940—Winston Churchill in
Fall of France
• British rescued Allies from across
English Channel (Miracle at Dunkirk)
• Italy invaded France from South
• Germans closed in on Paris from
North—Hitler failed to attack
retreating troops—Axis mistake—
morale booster for Allies
http://news.bbc.co.uk/furniture/in_depth/uk/2000/dunkirk_remembered/in
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Battle of Britain
• Germans trying to destroy
British Royal
Air Force (RAF)
Used Luftwaffe (German air
force)
• RAF used radar &
Hitler called
off invasion!
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WWII and the U.S.
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U.S. divided at beginning of war
Isolationists
Cash and Carry
U.S. gave Britain 50 old warships
Enacts a draft law—the firs during
peacetime
• U.S. passed Lend-Lease Act—war
materials on credit
• Roosevelt/Churchill draft Atlantic Charter
Atlantic Charter—goals of
war for the U.S. and G.B.
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No territorial gain
No boundary changes w/o consent of people
Gave people the right to choose form of gov’t
Equal trade rights
Economic cooperation for benefit of citizens
Freedom from fear
Freedom of seas
Abolish use of force—use system of general
security (international organization)
• By Nov. 1941—the U.S. was a non-belligerent
ally
Hitler turns to new
territories
• By fall 1940-Germany held almost all
of western Europe; he now turns to
Balkans
• June 1941—Germany had all
Balkans except Turkey (signed a
neutrality agreement w/Hitler)
• Next target—Suez Canal—Turkey
refused to let troops through to oil
fields of middle east
Hitler—Africa??
• Started N. African campaign
• Led by Gen. Erwin Rommel—the
“Desert Fox”
• Drove British out of Libya and into
Egypt
Alliances begin to fade
Soviets angry about Hitler’s claims in
the Balkans—their sphere of
influence
Hitler told the Soviets to get their own
Sphere of Influence in Asia
June 22, 1941—Germany invaded the
Soviet Union—w/o formal declaration
of war
Soviet Union invaded!!
• Soviets driven back past Moscow
and Leningrad
• Used scorched-earth policy
• Pushed Stalin back to Stalingrad—
used the winter to their advantage to
weaken the Germans
Hitler’s “New Order”
• Master Plan = to create a “New Order” for
Europe
• Single, political, and economic system
ruled from Berlin by the Aryan race
• Hitler wanted S.U. for food and raw
materials and planned to starve the
Soviets—they were inferior to the Slavs
• (planned to eliminate inferior elements—
esp. Jews)
Hitler’s “New Order” cont…
• Annihilation of all European Jews—
Final Solution
• Holocaust = systematic destruction
of almost an entire race
• Genocide = extermination
• Placed in ghettos, then concentration
camps where 6 million of 11 were
killed—Anti-Semitism
Hitler’s “New Order” cont…
• 1938—ghettos and Kristalnackt or
night of glass- shops and
synagogues and Jews attacked
– 2000 businesses
– 600 synagogues
– 100 Jews killed
– 35,000 arrested
Japan’s Aggressions
• Wanted control of East Asia—started
with small islands
• 1940 Joined Germany and Italy
• U.S. responded w/sanctions
• Tensions mounted when Hideki Tojo
established a militaristic gov’t
Pearl Harbor
On Vocab. List!!
• Japan attacked while negotiating
peace w/U.S.
• Air Attack w/out warning
• Dec. 7, 1941
• “a date that will live in infamy”-FDR
Soviets vs. Germans
• Soviets trapped Germans in
Stalingrad in fall of 1942
• Hitler’s orders—to fight to the death,
but surrendered in Jan. 1943
Africa
• Allied reinforcements to El Alamein
(Egypt) to help British—pushed back
to Libya and Tunisia; Americans
came in from Morocco and Algeria
(forces led by Gen. Eisenhower)
• May 1943 Axis powers in N. Africa
surrendered
Help for Soviet Union
• Churchill called for southern invasion
1943—Operation Torch
• Allies took Sicily-then to mainland
• Mussolini forced to resign
• People of Italy surrendered and Italy
declared war on Germany--Sept.
1943
Island Hopping
--Chester Nimitz
• Carried the war closer to Japan
• Series of victories
• Began w/ Battle of Midway
– “Miracle of Midway”
– Japanese victory would have
allowed Japan to invade Hawaii
– Battles enabled Allies to begin an
offensive against Japan
Pacific Theater
• Battle of Coral Sea—May 1942—
Japanese suffered their first set-back
• 2 battles enabled Allies to begin an
offensive against Japan
• Soloman Islands—Allied invasion of
Japanese controlled territory
Douglas MacArthur
On Vocab List!!
• Commander of Allied Powers in
the Pacific
• Accepted surrender from
Emperor Hirohito
Victory in Europe
• Operation Overlord
• Normandy—D-Day; June 6, 1944—largest
amphibious landing
• Battle of the Bulge
• Mussolini—captured, shot, hanged upside
down in the middle of town
• Feb. 1945—Yalta Conference
• Soviets took Berlin—Hitler found out and
committed suicide on April 30, 1945
• New German gov’t surrendered on May 8,
1945—Victory in Europe Day!!!
Victory in Japan
• Hideki Tojo—
Japanese General
• Hirohito—Emperor
of Japan
Victory in Japan
• Attacked island of Iwo Jima—took
one month
• Okinawa was next—Kamikaze
missions—damaged many allied
ships
• Allies blockaded Japan and
immobilized their navy—but refused
to surrender
Victory in Japan cont…
• Feb. 1945—the Big Three met—
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin—Yalta
Conference
• Germany would be divided and occupied
by Allied troops
• Democratic elections should be held in
free areas of Europe
• July 1945—Potsdam Conference in
Berlin—Truman and new P.M of G.B.—
planned occupation of Germany and
unconditional surrender of Japan—Japan
refused their ultimatum
Victory in Japan cont…
• Allies had A-Bomb (Manhattan Project)
• Truman decided to drop the bomb
• August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29
bomber dropped the first bomb over
Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945, 2nd bomb dropped over
Nagasaki
• August 14, 1945, Japan unconditionally
surrendered
• Sept. 2, 1945—they officially surrendered
aboard the U.S.S. Missouri V-J Day!!!
Costs of the War
• Most destructive in history
– 22 million dead
– 34 million wounded
– 6 million Jews
– The big change was that this kind of
destruction became accepted practice
and the killing of civilians was
acceptable!
Nuremberg Laws
On Vocab List!!
• 1935
• Took citizenship away from Jews
• Yellow Star of David
“Cash and Carry”
On Vocab. List!!
• Neutrality Acts of 1939
• Roosevelt
• Warring nations could buy in
cash and carry w/them!
Axis Powers
On Vocab. List!!
• Germany, Italy, & Japan
Lend-Lease Act
On Vocab. List!!
• Lend/Lease arms to “any country
whose defense was vital to the
U.S.”
• March 1941
Allies
On Vocab. List!!
• Britain, France, United States,
Soviet Union
“Defeat Hitler First”
On Vocab. List!!
• America & its allies war strategy
• USA forces targeted for Europe
Dwight D. Eisenhower
On Vocab. List!!
• Led Allied troops D-Day
• German occupied France June
6, 1944
• Liberated western Europe from
Hitler begins here!
Harry S. Truman
On Vocab. List!!
• President
• Ordered the use of atomic
bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
• To prevent horrendous
casualties & force Japanese to
surrender
Kamikaze
On Vocab. List!!
• Japanese suicide bomber
Yalta Conference
On Vocab. List!!
• Feb. 1945
• Allies (U.S., Br, SU)
• Divide Germany into Allied
occupation zones (East & West)