Download Unit 4 WWII

4.1 World War Looms
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Essential Question:
How did events after WWI lead to
dictatorships and American
neutrality?
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 Activating
Activity:
 Complete the anticipation guide for Civil
Liberties (only write yes or no, you will
write your reasoning after the lesson,
then we will debate.)
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• Treaty of Versailles
 Causes anger &resentment in Europe
 Germany – In treaty, they saw nothing fair
and were blamed for war, lost their
colonies & had to pay reparations
 Russia –loss of lands
• New democracies that emerged
failed – what might this lead to???
• Dictators rose-driven by
nationalism & desire for more
territory
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 Soviet
Union- USSR
 was a socialist state on the Eurasian continent that
existed between 1922 and 1991, governed as a
single-party state by the Communist Party with
Moscow as its capital
• Hopes for democracy gave way to civil war –
resulting in a communist state
• 1922 – Lenin establishes Soviet Union
• 1924- Lenin dies & Joseph Stalin (man of steel)
takes over
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 Stalin’s primary objective was creating a model communist state
 Agriculture and Industry was, in his view, the primary areas of
economy that would achieve this
 To do this, he abolished all privately owned farms and replaced them
with Collective farms, large gov’t owned farms worked by 100s of
families
 1928 – the first of several “five year plans” was implemented
 Results:
 By 1937 – the USSR became the 2nd largest industrial power (2nd to US)
 What do you think happened to anyone who threatened his power?
 8-13 million people, those who delayed the implementation of his plans,
were executed
 This type of government is called a Totalitarian gov’t –complete
control by ruler, no rights given to people
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 Italy
• Unemployment & inflation lead to strikes
• Benito Mussolini – plays on people’s fears of
economic collapse & rise of fascism in Italy
• In 1921 Mussolini establishes the Fascism Party–
stresses nationalism – needs of state above
individual
 Supported by gov’t officials, army,& police
 1922 he marched on Rome with army dressed in
black, afterwards they are given the name “Black
Shirts”
 Italian King appointed him head of gov’t - totalitarian
state, called himself Il Duce “the leader”
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 Adolf
Hitler- After WWI he was a
jobless soldier drifting through
Germany
 1919 – joined the National
Socialist German Workers’ Party
• despite its name, it was not a socialist
party
 Became
a powerful public
speaker
 He then became the leader of the
Socialist German Worker’s Party
calling himself Der Fuhrer, “The
Leader”
 He promised to bring Germany
out of chaos.
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 Mein
Kampf- book written by Hitler while in
prison- basic belief of Nazism – extreme
nationalism
• Wants to unite German-speaking people & create a
•
•
•
•
program of purification (Aryan race)
1932- 6 million unemployed Germans join Hitler's
private army
The Nazi Party becomes the strongest party
Hitler named Chancellor (PM) of Germany
Dismantles democratic Weimar Republic –
 In its place he creates the Third Reich, or the Third German
Empire
• He claims the Third Reich would be the “Thousand-
Year Reich” (it would last for a thousand years)
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 In
Japan, military leaders were trying to take
control of the imperial government
 These leaders share the same thought with
Hitler that they needed more space for a
growing population
 In 1931 – Japan launches a surprise attack and
seized control of the Chinese province of
Manchuria
 Within several months, they gained the entire
province (2x size of Texas) full of natural
resources
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 The
League of Nations which had been
established after WWI took this as their
greatest test
 Representatives were sent to Manchuria to
investigate
 Their report condemned Japan – Japan then
pulled out of the league due to this report
 But the invasion, as hoped, did put the
militarists in control of Japan’s Government
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 The
failure of the League to take action
against Japan did not escape the
attention of the European dictators
 1933 – Hitler too pulls Germany out of the
League
 1935 – he began a military build-up in
violation of the Treaty of Versailles
 Sends troops into Rhineland
(demilitarized region – because of treaty)
 The League did nothing
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 Mussolini
, now in control of Italy, began
building his new Roman Empire
 His first target was Ethiopia (one of Africa’s few
remaining independent countries)
 In 1935 – tens of thousands Italian military
personnel prepared to invade
• League responded with “collective resistance” which
were talks to prevent violent acts
 Mussolini
gives the order to invade
• Leagues’ response was an increase in economic boycott –
REALLY?
 By
1936 – Ethiopia had fallen
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 Spain was in the middle of a Civil War
• In 1936 – Gen Francisco Franco rebels against
•
•
•
•
Spanish gov’t
3,000 US soldiers go to fight against Franco
including African Americans still bitter about the
League’s ignoring of Ethiopia invasion
Hitler and Mussolini back Franco, while Stalin
aids opposition
War leads to alliance between Italy-Germany
(called the Rome-Berlin Axis)
1939 Franco wins war against government in
Spain and becomes a fascist dictator
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
Isolationism – AGAIN!
• FDR backs away from foreign policy
• In 1935 he passes Neutrality Acts
 These were meant to keep US out of war
 They also outlaws arms sales & loans to any nation at war

BUT . . .Neutrality breaks down
• In 1937 Japan bombs Shanghai, China
• By the end of the year Japan controlled all major Chinese cities
 FDR sends aid to China
 Wants to isolate aggressor nations to stop war
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I
need a volunteer who can expressively read
lines from the book in the voice of Yertle
 As we read through the book, think of how you
would answer the following questions:
 1. Who does Yertle
represent?
 2. Why do all of the
turtles do as he
commands?
 3. Who does Mack
represent?
 4. What does the burp
represent?
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 Now
take some time to write your
rationale for answering yes or no to the
statements on the anticipation guide.
 After everyone has finished, we will
debate
 Be sure to use respectful language, and
do not take other’s choice personally.
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