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Chapter 16:
World War Looms
Section 2:
War in Europe
Standards
 11.7
Students analyze America's
participation in World War II.
 .6
Describe major developments in
aviation, weaponry, communication,
and medicine and the war's impact on
the location of American industry and
use of resources.
Objectives
 Following lecture and reading of this
section, students will be able to:
1. Explain
Germany’s motives for expansion
and the timid response of France and Britain
2. Describe
Germany’s blitzkrieg tactics
against Poland
3. Summarize
the first battles of World War II
Austria & Czechoslovakia Fall
 Hitler
planned to take the land of
neighboring countries in order to expand
the Third Reich
 Austria
 Czechoslovakia
 Hitler
realized the possible risks:
 War
 Revolution
 Rebellion
 Collapse
Union with Austria
 Post
WW I division of the AustroHungarian Empire created a fairly small
Austria
 The
majority of Austrians were German
 They
favored unification with Germany
 March
12, 1938, German troops march
into Austria unopposed, union complete
 U.S.
& the rest of world do nothing to stop
Germany
Bargaining for the Sudetenland
3
million German-speakers in
Sudetenland
 Sudetenland
is in the western border regions
 Hitler
wanted the region to provide more living
space and control natural resources of the area
 To
justify actions, Hitler claimed Czechs
abused Sudeten Germans
 Hitler
began amassing German troops on border
Bargaining for the Sudetenland

1938, Prime Ministers Daladier (F), Neville
Chamberlain (GB) met with Hitler


Hitler promised Czechoslovakia would be his last territorial
demand
Munich Agreement signed

Sudetenland over to Germany, no shots fired!


Believed it was peace
Winston Churchill disagreed with appeasement
policy; warned war would follow

Appeasement- giving up principles to pacify an aggressor
Churchill was right, Hitler invaded the rest of
Czechoslovakia later in 1938
 Hitler then looked toward Poland

The Soviet Union Declares Neutrality

Hitler claimed the Poles mistreated Germans
in Poland and needed his protection



Many thought Hitler was bluffing
Invading Poland would bring two-front war

A two front-war was the cause for the German collpse in WWI


Poland buffered USSR from Germany
Too difficult to fight on both sides
Stalin & Hitler signed a nonaggression pact—
will not attack each other

They signed a second, secret pact, agreeing to divide
Poland between them was it was defeated.
Blitzkrieg in Poland

Sept. 1939, Hitler easily defeated Polish forces
with the blitzkrieg, or “blitz”


Lightning war (w/ tanks planes and bombs)
Poland divided
Germany annexed western 2/3 of Poland
 U.S.S.R. attacked & annexed eastern 1/3 of Poland


Holding to their alliance, France & Britain
declared war on Germany
France & Britain agreed to aid Poland if they faced attack
 Poland fell as French & British could not attack fast enough


World War II began
The Phony War
 Then
all of the sudden Hitler stopped his
advances.
 French & British troops sat at the
Maginot Line looking into Germany on
France’s eastern border with Germany.
 German troops sat at the Siegfried Line
looking into France.
Stalin Ends the Peace, Followed by Hitler
 Peace
was broken when Stalin annexed
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania & defeated
Finland
 Hitler invaded Denmark & Norway
 Claiming
to protect them from Stalin’s advances
 Hitler
really wanted to build military bases there to
launch attacks on Britain
 Hitler
then invaded the Netherlands,
Belgium, & Luxembourg
The Fall of France


German army went north through Ardennes (heavily
wooded forest) around the French & British troops
British & French fled north but were trapped at
Dunkirk



1940, Italy invaded France from south; The
Germans approached Paris
France fell; Germans occupied northern France


Ferried to safety in UK (400K in one week w/800 boats)
Nazi puppet government set up in southern France (Vichy)
General Charles de Gaulle set up government-inexile in England

“France lost the battle, not the war!”
The Battle of Britain

Summer 1940, Germany prepared planes to combat
the strong British navy
By controlling the skies Hitler wanted to invade and defeat
Britain
Battle of Britain—German planes bomb British targets (British
naval and air force)
 Britain used radar to track & shoot German planes
Hitler called off invasion of Britain (****1st stop of Hitler****)
 The Luftwaffe, German Air Force was losing too many planes.




Germans & British continued to bomb each other’s
cities to destroy :


Civilian moral
War production