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The EARLY STAGES 1939-1941 Objectives: 140. Identify the significant role of Winston Churchill in defending Great Britain during the war. 141. Define blitzkrieg. 142. Describe how Germany quickly gained control of France in 1940. 143. Identify nations possessed by Germany by 1940. Objective 140: Identify the significant role of Winston Churchill in defending Great Britain during the war. One of the few to oppose appeasement of Germany in 1938. Believed Britain was all that stood between Germany and control of all of Europe. Winston Churchill Objective 140: Identify the significant role of Winston Churchill in defending Great Britain during the war. Churchill said… Churchill was elected prime minister of Great Britain in 1940. Churchill encouraged all of Great Britain to dig in and dedicate themselves to the cause of standing up to Hitler. Some other Churchill quotes: “All the great things are simple, and many can be expressed in a single word: freedom, justice, honor, duty, mercy, hope.” “An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.” “We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.” “I may be drunk, Miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly.” Objective 141: Define blitzkrieg. Blitzkrieg means “lightning war” Fast moving attack strategy of Germany in early stages of World War II The blitzkrieg relied on tanks rapidly moving in, airstrikes, and constant forward motion to push back the enemy. Objective 142: Describe how Germany quickly gained control of France in 1940. In the early morning darkness of May 10, the Germans unleashed their Blitzkrieg against the Netherlands and Belgium. The attack sent the defending troops reeling. The roads overflowed with refugees fleeing the front. French and British troops rushing to the rescue were caught in the headlong retreat and pushed back. German dive-bombers the Stukas - filled the sky, strafing the retreating mix of civilians and soldiers with machine gun and bomb. The Allies fought valiantly but in vain - the German war machine advanced unperturbed. In England, the invasion forced Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to resign, to be replaced by Winston Churchill. Objective 142: Describe how Germany quickly gained control of France in 1940. Germany plowed across the Maginot Line in May of 1940, engaging in a blitzkrieg that would split France in two. The German army pushed north, forcing the evacuation of French, British, and Belgian soldiers on the English Channel. Objective 142: Describe how Germany quickly gained control of France in 1940. German soldiers occupied Paris on June 14, 1940. This is where the armistice was signed ending World War I. When France asked Germany for an armistice, the Compiegne Forest was selected as the site for negotiations. Why this site? The armistice was signed in a railroad car…the same car where the armistice was signed ending WWI. It was removed from a museum, and placed in the exact spot from Armistice Day. Hitler (hand on side) and German Military officers staring at WWI French Marshall, Maréchal Foch's memorial statue before entering the railway carriage where will be signed the 1940 armistice, at Compiègne, France. Objective 143: Identify nations possessed by Germany by 1940. Objective 143: Identify nations possessed by Germany by 1940. Hitler controlled: France Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Poland Austria Norway Denmark Czechoslovakia …and Italy was also on the Axis side. Objective 144: Identify nations possessed by Germany by 1942. Hitler controlled: France Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Yugoslavia Romania Hungary Estonia Poland Latvia Austria Lithuania Norway Greece Denmark Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Italy Objective 145: Recognize the expansion of japan into asia and the pacific by 1941. Japan controlled… Korea French Indochina Manchuria Taiwan Sakhalin Kuril Islands Parts of China Objective 146: Describe U.S.-Japanese relations prior to the attack on pearl harbor. Japan expanded in southeast Asia, including attacks on China. The United States responded with embargos on oil and steel. Japan froze Americans assets in Asia. In November 1941, the two nations negotiated in Washington. Japan demanded embargos be lifted and aid to China ceased. United States demanded Japan leave China and stop expanding. Objective 147: Identify the significance of the attack on pearl harbor. • Brought the United States into World War II • Turned even isolationists into war supporters • War declared December 8 • Men enlisted in large numbers • Women went to work in large numbers • The U.S. went from isolationist to a war machine throughout the nation. Avenge pearl harbor U.S. Entry into World War II Objective 148: Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied Powers. Weaknesses for U.S./Allied Forces • All lands possessed by the Axis Powers were secured tightly • The Axis Powers were better prepared for war Strengths for U.S./Allied Forces • The Axis Powers were spread out over a large area • The Axis Powers were fighting a two-front war • The U.S. has almost unlimited resources