Download p. 460 Fascist Expansion

Fascist Expansion:
p. 460
WW II Looms
• In the 1930s, Italy, Japan, and Germany began
to build economically independent empires.
– They blamed the Western capitalist democracies,
(Britain, France, and the US, for their suffering the
Great Depression.
• Fascist governments would make sure there
would never be another depression for their
people.
– They would make their people safe and happy by
taking the lands, resources, and peoples of their
neighbors.
Early Expansion
• EC: Japan: (2)
– 1931…..Manchuria
– 1937…..China
Early Expansion
• EC: Italy:
– Invades Ethiopia, 1935
Early Expansion
• EC: Germany: (2)
– Hitler reveals the illegal German military, and
continues building it, (2)
• France and Britain should attack, Hitler is breaking the Treaty
of Versailles.
– they do nothing.
– Rhineland—Hitler sends troops in, prepared to run if
France fights them. (4)
• France does nothing.
• Hitler’s popularity in Germany increases,
• More countries fear Germany and do what it wants.
– Hitler is encouraged to take more territory.
Appeasement:
• Allowing an aggressor nation to take what
it wants, even illegally, in order to avoid
war.
• There were several reasons Britain and
France appeased Hitler.. (6)
Reasons for Appeasement:
•
•
•
•
French government divided
Britain and France had economic depressions
Perhaps Germany had been punished enough
Some hoped that Hitler would destroy the Soviet
Union,
• Some hoped that diplomacy (countries talking)
would satisfy Hitler….
• Britain and France wanted peace;
Pacifism:
• Opposing war.
• Britain and France wanted peace, EC:
Why? (2)
– their empires, and
– their consumer lifestyle,
Neutrality Acts:
• In mid 1930s, US Congress passes two
laws forbidding:
– the sale of American items that could help any
side in a foreign war.
– Americans to travel on ships of warring
nations.
– President Roosevelt from signing any
alliances that might get US into a foreign war.
Axis Powers:
• EC: Italy, Germany, and Japan agreed in 1936
to:
– Fight Communism
– not interfere with each other’s empires
– support each other (3)
• exchange technology
• exchange culture
• trade
• Called the The Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Pact,
• strengthened by the Tripartite Pact, 1940.
The Spanish Civil War: 1936-1939
• Republicans (Loyalists) (2)
• Forced the king to abdicate.
– They included: (3)
• Democrats
• Socialists
• Communists
• Made a constitution (4)
– democratic legislature:
• Took lands from
– the Church
– the ruling class
• Nationalists (Fascists) (2)
• opposed the liberal
changes
• General Francisco
Franco became their
leader.
Francisco Franco
• Led the Fascist (Nationalist) revolt against
Spain’s new Loyalist government.
– He was soon supported by Hitler and Mussolini.
– Both countries were close and could provide
technology and “advisors” easily
• (Germany’s Luftwaffe (air force) got needed experience in
Spain)
• The bombing of Guernica was a success for Fascists, a
horror to the rest of the world.
The Spanish Civil War
• Fascist leader Franco was victorious (3)
– and turned Spain into a ruthless, totalitarian
state similar to Italy and Germany.
– However, he would not join the Axis Powers.
• Spain would remain neutral in World War II.
– He controlled Spain until his death in 1975.
Hitler continues expansion:
• Anschluss:
• 1938: Hitler got Austrian Nazis to force
Austrian government to agree to an
“election”.
– Voters approved union with Germany.
– Britain and France did nothing.
Hitler continues expansion:
• Sudetenland:
• September, 1938: western region
of Czechoslovakia, full of ethnic
Germans.
–Hitler demanded the land be given
to Germany.
Hitler continues expansion:
• A meeting was called. It was held in Munich,
Germany….. Who attended? (4)
– Germany, Adolf Hitler—promised this was the last of his
“territorial demands”.
– Britain, Neville Chamberlain
– France, Edouard Daladier
– Italy, Benito Mussolini
– The ____ were not included, but would have to follow the
agreement
• Czechs
• Since Britain and France had “created” Czechoslovakia, they
negotiated with Hitler.
Hitler continues expansion:
• Neville Chamberlain goes home to London,
with Hitler’s signature, and declares…..
• “peace for our time”.
Some Britons still felt that Hitler
was a great danger ….
• Winston Churchill, UK,
– “The fools, why are
they cheering?
– They had to choose
between war and
dishonor.
– They chose dishonor;
– they will have war.”
EC: What did Churchill mean? (2)
• Answer:
• Britain and France were cowards to give
up the Sudetenland.
• Their cowardice has encouraged Hitler to
take more and that will cause war.
Hitler and Stalin Shock the World
• EC: August, 1939, Germany and the
Soviet Union sign _____ (2)
• Nazi-Soviet Pact (Non-Aggression Pact;
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact):
– Germany and the Soviet Union surprise the
world by agreeing not to make war on each
other.
Nazi-Soviet Pact
EC: Hitler’s Reasons (3)
• Invade Poland w/o
worrying about an attack
by the Soviet Union
• Attack Britain and France
the next year w/o
worrying about an attack
by the Soviet Union
• A launch point for the
future invasion of the
Soviet Union.
EC: Stalin’s Reasons (4)
• Gain 1/3 of Polish
territory.
• Can invade Finland, w/o
worrying about attack by
Hitler
• Gain time to prepare for a
possible German invasion
in the future.
• Gain a buffer zone in
case Germany invades
later.
World War II officially begins.
• The week after signing the Nazi-Soviet
Pact, Germany and The Soviet Union
invade …..
• Poland
– September 1, 1939.
• ____ and ____declared war on September
3rd. (2)
• Britain and France
Early Expansion and
International Weakness
• Japan and Italy invaded other nations…..
– The Western democracies, Britain and France, did nothing
• the _________________________voted to condemn Japan’s
actions
• League of Nations
– threaten an economic boycott of Japan.
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•
•
•
•
Japan did not care and quit its membership in it.
Ethiopian king, _________________asks them for help against Italy,
Haile Selassie,
they only voted on sanctions (economic penalties) for Italy.
Mussolini takes Italy out of the League.
– Protests from the world community meant nothing…..
Image, p. 461
• How did rearmament affect the rest of
Germany?
• Helped its economy
• Raised morale
• Increased Hitler’s popularity
Reasons for Appeasement (copy)
• Some hoped that Hitler would destroy the
Soviet Union, and end the Communist
threat.
– Then, the West could deal with a much
weakened Nazi Germany.
EC: The Fascist Leaders (4)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Italy
Benito Mussolini
Germany
Adolf Hitler
Japan
Tojo Hideki
Spain
Francisco Franco
Standards Check, p. 462
• Japan
• invaded Manchuria,
1931, and eastern
China, 1937
• Italy
• Invaded Ethiopia,
1935-6
• Germany
• Increased build-up of
military
• Sent troops into
Rhineland
Standards Check, p. 462
• Hitler and Mussolini
• Sent arms/forces to
help Franco’s
fascists.
• Stalin
• Sent arms/forces to
help the Republicans
• Other countries
• Volunteers came to
fight Franco’s fascists
EC: German Aggression
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
March, 1938
Austria
September 1938
Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia)
March 1939
Czechoslovakia
September 1939
Poland
Standards Check, p 464
• Why did Hitler feel justified in taking over
Austria and the Sudetenland?
• He wanted to bring all German-speaking
people into the Third Reich
Hitler continues expansion:
• Hitler accuses Jews of plotting the next war…..
• Hitler puts the blame for another World War on Jews and
promises to destroy them if it happens:
• "If the international finance Jewry inside and outside of
Europe should succeed in plunging the peoples of the
Earth once again into a world war, the result will not be
the Bolshevism of Earth, and thus a Jewish victory, but
the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe."
• -Adolf Hitler, Speech to Parliament, January, 1939.
EC: Hitler Moves to War
• March, 1939: ___
• Hitler breaks the Munich Agreement and
invades all of Czechoslovakia.
• Britain and France realize appeasement
does not work: ___ (2)
• They make an alliance with Poland.
– Germans live in West Poland
Map skills: p. 464
• 2 The strip of land between East Prussia and the rest of Germany is
called the Polish Corridor. Why is this an appropriate name for the
region?
– A narrow strip of land separating East Prussia from East Germany.
• 3 Which countries in 1939 were probably the most likely targets for
future acts of German or Italian aggression? Explain.
• Most likely Axis invasions
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–
–
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–
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Denmark
The Netherlands
Belgium
France
Poland
Switzerland
Yugoslavia
• Because those were the countries that bordered Germany and Italy
Standards check, p. 465
• What convinced Britain and France to end
their policy of appeasement? Why?
• When Hitler broke his promise and seized
Czechoslovakia, they realized he would
not stop trying to take over more territory.
Quick Write
• The Fascist hated Communist, why would
Hitler sign a nonaggression pact with the
Soviet Union?