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WORLD WAR II Review Chapters 23/24 REVIEW A FEW THINGS: •READ, THINK, & REMEMBER!! Define: 1.Fascism – political movement that preached intense nationalism and racism. 2.Adolf Hitler – Nazi dictator of Germany. 3.Nazi party – Fascist party that ruled Germany between 1933 – 1945, with Hitler as the dictator. 4.Dictator – absolute ruler. 5.Joseph Stalin – the Communist dictator of the Soviet Union. 6.Axis Powers – the name of the alliance between Germany and Italy, and later would include Japan. 7. Benito Mussolini Dictator of Italy 8. General Hideki Tojo – Military leader of Japan. 9. Appeasement – the policy of meeting a nation’s demands to avoid war. 10. Lend - Lease Program – the policy in which the US sent war materials to the Allied Powers. 11. Pearl Harbor – the site of the Japanese attack on the United States. 12. The Munich Agreement – Hitler and Neville Chamberlain, Britain’s Prime Minister, met in Munich, Germany. They made an agreement giving Germany control of the Sudetenland, in return, Hitler promised to stop taking anymore territory. This appeasement was supposed to make “peace in our time.” 13. Blitzkrieg – a new method of warfare, using speed and surprise, “lightning war.” 14. Luftwaffe - Germany’s air force 15. The Battle of Britain – German planes flew massive bombing attacks on London and other civilian targets – but the British never surrendered. Major Events Review 1936 Germany and Italy form Axis Powers. Civil war erupts in Spain. 1938 Germany annexes Austria (think the Sound of Music - true story.) Britain and France allow Germany to annex the Sudetenland in the Munich Agreement. 1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia. Germany signs nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union. Germany invades Poland, Sept. 1, 1939. Britain and France declare war on Germany, Sept. 3 1940 Japan joins the Axis Powers Germany invades France. Battle of Britain fought. 1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union. December 7 - Japan attacks United States at Pearl Harbor. The United States enters the war. 1941 June - British stop Axis advance in Africa at the Battle of El Alamein. September - Germans attack Soviet Union city of Stalingrad. November - American forces join tlhe Allies in North Africa. • February Soviets win the Battle of Stalingrad. Terms to Know for the TEST: 1. Dwight D. Eisenhower – U.S. general who led the Allied Forces in Europe. 2. D-Day – Allied invasion of France in June 1944 to liberate Europe. 3. Battle of the Bulge – Germany’s last major attack. 4. Yalta Conference – Meeting of Allied leaders to discuss the end of the war plans.. 5. Anti-Semitism – hostility or discrimination against Jews. 6. Persecute – to continuously treat others in a way meant to be cruel and harmful. 7. Genocide – the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group. 8. The Holocaust – complete destruction of life on purpose – usually by fire. This term refers to the murder of 6 million Jews and 5 million others by the Nazis in WWII. 9. The Final Solution – Hitler’s plan to exterminate “inferior” people such as Jews, the handicapped, political enemies, and others that did not conform. ALSO REMEMBER THAT AFTER WWI: • League of Nations is organized, the U.S. never joined • U.S. Is isolationist Rise of Hitler • Nazi Party organized, 1920s • Nazi party largest in Germany, 1932 • Hitler voted as chancellor, 1933 • New parliament created • 450, 000 members • Larger than German army • Stalin and the Soviet Union, 1939, sign a Non Aggression Pact. It was supposed to last 10 years. But, Hitler attacked the U.S.S.R. in 1941. Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 Allies United: U.S.S.R, England and The U.S. Stalin, FDR, & Churchill D-Day, JUNE 6, 1944 Landing on Normandy Beach IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE JAPANESE EMPEROR DURING WWII. THE ANSWER IS: HIROHITO IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE LEADER OF NAZI GERMANY. THE ANSWER IS: HITLER IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE LEADER OF FASCIST ITALY. THE ANSWER IS: MUSSOLINI IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WHO APPEASED HITLER. THE ANSWER IS: NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE LEADER OF THE U.S.S.R. THE ANSWER IS: STALIN IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE U.S. PRESIDENT THAT GAVE THE ORDERS TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN. THE ANSWER IS: HARRY TRUMAN IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE U.S. PRESIDENT DURING THE MAJORITY OF WORLD WAR II. THE ANSWER IS: FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT IDENTIFY THE LEADER: I AM THE BRITISH PRIME MINISTER DURING THE MAJORITY OF WORLD WAR II. THE ANSWER IS: WINSTON CHURCHILL Short answer: WHEN IS V-E DAY? THE ANSWER IS: •MAY 8, 1945 IS V-E DAY! • THIS is WHEN GERMANY . SURRENDERED Short answer: WHEN IS V-J DAY? THE ANSWER IS: •V-J DAY IS AUGUST 15, 1945. Short answer: WHICH AXIS POWER DID THE ALLIES PLAN TO CONQUER FIRST? THE ANSWER IS: •THE ALLIES PLANNED ON CONQUERING GERMANY FIRST. Short answer: WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE WOMAN THAT REPRESENTED ALL WOMEN WORKING IN THE WAR FACTORIES? THE ANSWER IS: •ROSIE THE RIvetER!!! Short answer: WHAT IS THE TERM FOR LIGHTNING WAR? THE ANSWER IS: • THE TERM FOR LIGHTNING WAR IS: BLITZKREIG Short answer: WHAT TYPE OF GOVERNMENT CONTROLS EVERY ASPECT OF THEIR PEOPLE’S LIVES? THE ANSWER IS: • A TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT Short answer: WHICH AXIS LEADER IS CALLED IL DUCE? THE ANSWER IS: •MUSSOLINI IS IL DUCE!! Short answer: WHEN IS PEARL HARBOR BOMBED BY THE JAPANESE? THE ANSWER IS: •DECEMBER 7, 1941 IS WHEN PEARL HARBOR WAS BOMBED BY THE JAPANESE! Short answer: WHICH AXIS LEADER CALLED HIMSELF DER FUHRER? THE ANSWER IS: •HITLER IS DER FUHRER! Short answer: WHAT IS THE TERM FOR GIVING IN TO SOMEONE’S DEMANDS IN ORDER TO KEEP THE PEACE? THE ANSWER IS: •APPEASEMENT Short answer: WHO WROTE THE BOOK MEIN KAMPF? THE ANSWER IS: •HITLER WROTE MEIN KAMPF Short answer: WHICH ORGANIZATION WAS SUPPOSED TO HAVE PREVENTED WWII FROM HAPPENING? THE ANSWER IS: •THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS!! Short answer: HOW DID THE U.S. FINANCE WWII? THE ANSWER IS: THEY FINANCED IT WITH INCOME TAXES, SELLING WAR BONDS, AND CORPORATE TAXES. Short answer: IN THE NAVAL BASE DESTROYER DEAL, WHAT DID THE BRITISH GIVE THE U.S. IN RETURN FOR THE 50 DESTROYERS? THE ANSWER IS: THE U.S. GOT NAVAL BASES!! Short answer: WHAT ITEMS DID THE U.S. PLACE AN EMBARGO ON AND WOULD NO LONGER LET JAPAN BUY? THE ANSWER IS: OIL, IRON, STEEL, GAS. Short answer: IN AN ATTEMPT TO GET THEM TO SURRENDER, WHICH AXIS POWER BOMBED GREAT BRITAIN DAILY FOR SEVERAL MONTHS? THE ANSWER IS: GERMANY BOMBED GREAT BRITAIN, THIS IS CALLED THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN. Short answer: WHO WAS THE LEADER OF VICHY FRANCE? THE ANSWER IS: .THE LEADER IS HENRI PETAIN. Short answer: WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE PLANE THAT DROPPED THE BOMB ON HIROSHIMA? THE ANSWER IS: .THE NAME OF THE PLANE IS THE ENOLA GAY, THE NAME OF THE PILOT IS TIBBETS. Short answer: WHO WAS THE LEADER OF THE FRENCH RESISTANCE? THE ANSWER IS: .THE LEADER IS CHARLES DEGAULLE. Short answer: DURING WHICH BATTLE OF WWII DID THE U.S. TROOPS ACCIDENTALLY BECOME INTEGRATED? THE ANSWER IS: THIS HAPPENED DURING THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE. Short answer: •AT THE MUNICH CONFERENCE, WHAT WAS GIVEN TO HITLER TO APPEASE HIM? THE ANSWER IS: • THEY GAVE HIM THE SUDETENLAND Short answer: •WHEN WWII STARTED IN EUROPE, WHAT POLICY WAS THE U.S. FOLLOWING? THE ANSWER IS: •THE U.S. FOLLOWED A POLICY OF ISOLATIONISM . Short answer: •IN 1935, WHICH FUTURE AXIS POWER ATTACKED ETHIOPIA? THE ANSWER IS: •ITALY ATTACKED ETHIOPIA. Short answer: •IN MARCH, 1936, WHAT AREA DID THE GERMANS TAKE? THE ANSWER IS: •THEY TOOK THE RHINELAND. Short answer: •IN 1931, WHAT AREA DID THE JAPANESE TAKE FROM CHINA? THE ANSWER IS: •THEY TOOK MANCHURIA. MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WERE THE “CODE TALKERS”? A. NAVAJOS B. JAPANESE AMERICANS C. ROSIE THE RIVETER D. MEXICAN AMERICANS THE ANSWER IS: •A. THE NAVAJOS MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE WERE PUT IN GERMAN CONCENTRATION CAMPS? A. GYPSIES B. JEWS C. HOMOSEXUALS D. ALL OF THE ABOVE THE ANSWER IS: •D. ALL OF THE ABOVE MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS WERE NOT RATIONED DURING WWII? A. SUGAR B. EGGS C. MEAT D. WATER THE ANSWER IS: •D. WATER MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEN WERE IN CHARGE OF THE D-DAY INVASION? A. MACARTHUR B. PATTON C. EISENHOWER D. PERSHING THE ANSWER IS: EISENHOWER MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WWII BATTLES WAS THE LAST GERMAN OFFENSIVE? A. STALINGRAD B. BATTLE OF THE BULGE C. MIDWAY D. GUADALCANAL THE ANSWER IS: •THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE MULTIPLE CHOICE: AT THE END OF WWII, WHICH ALLIED POWER REACHED BERLIN FIRST? A. GREAT BRITAIN B. U.S.A. C. U.S.S.R. D. FRANCE THE ANSWER IS: •C. U.S.S.R MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS MEANS HATRED AND/OR HOSTILITY TOWARD JEWS? A. TOTALITARIANISM B. ANTI-SEMITISM C. ARYANIZE D. KRISTALLNACHT THE ANSWER IS: •THE TERM IS ANTISEMITISM MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAS THE CONFERENCE HELD AFTER THE GERMAN SURRENDER FOR THE PURPOSE OF PLANNING THE POST WAR WORLD? A. ATLANTIC CHARTER B. YALTA CONFERENCE C. TEHERAN D. MUNICH CONFERENCE THE ANSWER IS: •B. YALTA •CONFERENCE MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH MAN SAID “I SHALL RETURN?” A. PRES. F.D. ROOSEVELT B. GEN. MACARTHUR C. WINSTON CHURCHILL D. GEN. EISENHOWER THE ANSWER IS: GENERAL MACARTHUR MULTIPLE CHOICE: ON WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CITIES DID THE ALLIES DROP THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB? A. BERLIN B. NAGASAKI C. HIROSHIMA D. TOKYO THE ANSWER IS: C. HIROSHIMA MULTIPLE CHOICE: IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BATTLES DID THE JAPANESE FIRST USE KAMIKAZE PILOTS? A.CORAL SEA B.GUADALCANAL C.LEYTE GULF D.OKINAWA THE ANSWER IS: C. LEYTE GULF MULTIPLE CHOICE: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEN WAS THE SCIENTIST IN CHARGE OF THE MANHATTAN PROJECT? A. ALBERT EINSTEIN B. ENRICO FERMI C. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER THE ANSWER IS: C. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER TRUE OR FALSE GENERAL ROMMEL IS THE BRITISH GENERAL IN CHARGE OF OPERATION TORCH. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, GEN. ROMMEL IS A GERMAN SOLDIER. TRUE OR FALSE THE ALLIES WON THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, THE ALLIED WON THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE. TRUE OR FALSE THE JAPANESE LOST CONTROL OF THE PACIFIC IN THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, THE JAPANESE LOST CONTROL OF THE PACIFIC AT THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY. TRUE OR FALSE ALLOTMENT ANNIE REPRESENTS ALL OF THE WOMEN WORKING IN THE WAR FACTORIES. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, THAT WAS ROSIE THE RIVETER!! TRUE OR FALSE OPERATION OVERLORD IS THE CODE NAME FOR THE D-DAY INVASION. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE TRUE OR FALSE GEN. EISENHOWER ACCEPTED THE SURRENDER OF THE JAPANESE ON SEPT. 2, 1945. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, THAT WAS GEN. MACARTHUR TRUE OR FALSE DURING WWII, THE SOLDIERS WERE GIVEN A NEW CANDY, M&Ms. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, THEY GAVE THEM M&M CANDY. TRUE OR FALSE LEND LEASE IS THE U.S. PROGRAM OF LOANING OR RENTING MILITARY EQUIPMENT TO THE ALLIED FORCES DURING WWII. THE ANSWER IS: THAT IS TRUE. TRUE OR FALSE OPERATION TORCH IS THE CODE NAME FOR THE INVASION OF NORTH AFRICA. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, ABSOLUTELY, TRUE! TRUE OR FALSE THE U.S. ENTERED WWII WHEN POLAND WAS ATTACKED BY GERMANY. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, THE U.S. ENTERED WWII WHEN PEARL HARBOR WAS ATTACKED!! TRUE OR FALSE HIDEKI TOJO LED JAPAN DURING WWII AND WAS EXECUTED FOR WAR CRIMES AT THE END OF WWII. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, TRUE, TRUE. TRUE OR FALSE DURING THE GLOOMY DAYS OF 1942, JAMES H. DOOLITTLE LED A DARING DAYLIGHT RAID OVER TOKYO. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, ABSOLUTELY, TRUE! TRUE OR FALSE MUSSOLINI IS HANGED AT THE NUREMBERG WAR TRIALS. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, MUSSOLINI IS DEAD BEFORE THE TRIALS. TRUE OR FALSE ONE RESULT OF THE ALLIED SUCCESSES OF THE D-DAY INVASION IS THAT FDR IS TH REELECTED FOR THE 4 TIME!! THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, ABSOLUTELY TRUE! TRUE OR FALSE THE ALLIES CONQUERED JAPAN BEFORE THEY CONQUERED GERMANY. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, THE ALLIES CONQUERED GERMANY FIRST. TRUE OR FALSE HITLER COMMITTED SUICIDE BEFORE HE COULD BE CAPTURED. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, HE CERTAINLY DID. TRUE OR FALSE AFTER CAPTURING FRANCE, GERMANY ESTABLISHED A PUPPET GOVERNMENT. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, TRUE, TRUE! TRUE OR FALSE IN 1933, THE USA REESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE SOVIET UNION. THE ANSWER IS: THAT IS TRUE! TRUE OR FALSE THE NUREMBERG LAWS TOOK CITIZENSHIP AWAY FROM ALL JEWS. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, POSITIVELY TRUE! TRUE OR FALSE JEWS WERE THE ONLY PEOPLE THE GERMANS PUT IN CONCENTRATION CAMPS. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, THEY PUT OTHER IN THE CAMPS, TOO. TRUE OR FALSE THE USA NEVER JOINED THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, THE U.S. NEVER JOINED THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. TRUE OR FALSE THE USA NEVER JOINED THE UNITED NATIONS. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, THE U.S. JOINED AND STILL IS A MEMBER OF THE UNITED NATIONS. TRUE OR FALSE AFTER PRESIDENT F.D. ROOSEVELT DIES, VICE PRESIDENT EISENHOWER BECOMES PRESIDENT. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, TRUMAN WAS THE VICE PRESIDENT THAT TOOK OVER. TRUE OR FALSE THE CODE TALKERS SPOKE LATIN OVER THEIR RADIOS. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, THE CODE TALKERS SPOKE IN NAVAJO. TRUE OR FALSE THE SOVIETS ALLOWED THE RUSSIAN WINTER TO HELP THEM DEFEAT THE NAZIS. THE ANSWER IS: THAT WOULD BE TRUE TRUE OR FALSE ROBERT OPPENHEIMER IS THE SCIENTIST THAT HEADED THE PROGRAM THAT MADE THE ATOMIC BOMB. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, HE WAS THE LEADER OF THE PROGRAM. TRUE OR FALSE AFTER THE PHILIPPINES WAS CAPTURED BY THE JAPANESE, GEN. MACARTHUR NEVER RETURNED TO ISLAND. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, HE RETURNED AND SAID, “I HAVE RETURNED.” TRUE OR FALSE THE BATTLES OF IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA WERE AMONG THE WORST OF THE WAR. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE, TRUE, SO TRUE. TRUE OR FALSE GERMAN AMERICANS, ITALIAN AMERICANS, AND JAPANESE AMERICANS CITIZENS SPENT WWII IN RELOCATION CAMPS. THE ANSWER IS: FALSE, ONLY THE JAPANESE AMERICANS WERE PUT IN THE RELOCATION CAMPS. TRUE OR FALSE THE MANHATTAN PROJECT IS THE NAME OF THE U.S. PROGRAM THAT BUILT THE ATOMIC BOMBS. THE ANSWER IS: TRUE!!! LET’S REVIEW A FEW MORE THINGS!!! •THINK •READ •LEARN •REMEMBER The US Drifts Toward War • The Neutrality Acts (1935-37) • “Cash and Carry” • First peacetime draft (1940) All men 21 to 35 had to register for one year’s military service • Lend-Lease Act (1941) The US Drifts Toward War • British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill (1874-1965) The US Drifts Toward War • USS Augusta off the coast of Newfoundland • Atlantic Charter (August 14, 1941) The US Drifts Toward War • Roosevelt imposed an embargo on exports of strategic resources, such as oil and metal, to Japan (September 1941) Japan Brings the US into the War • Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 • Battleship Row — USS Arizona and Oklahoma destroyed Japan Brings the US into the War • 2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded • The Japanese made serious mistakes in the Pearl Harbor attack: Japan Brings the US into the War Japan Brings the US into the War • Fuel dumps were not bombed • Repair facilities untouched AFTER THE PEARL HARBOR ATTACK • USS West Virginia and California refloated and repaired • USS Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Nevada repaired • No aircraft carriers were present, specifically USS Lexington, Saratoga, and Enterprise • US declared war on the Empire of Japan (December 8, 1941) • Nazi Germany declared war on the US (December 11, 1941) • Japanese attacked multiple targets: • Philippines attacked by air World War II in the Pacific • Guam (10 December) • Wake Island • Philippines fell (8 April 1942) World War II in the Pacific • General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964) • HE SAID “I SHALL RETURN,” World War II in the Pacific • The Doolittle Raid • LTC Jimmy Doolittle (1896-1993) World War II in the Pacific • Why the Doolittle Raid? • Psychological for Japan and the US • Japan protected by the kamikaze (divine wind) World War II in the Pacific • 16 B-25 Bombers brought into striking distance of Japan by the carrier USS Lexington World War II in the Pacific • Doolittle Raid bombed preassigned targets in TokyoYokohama, Nagoya, and Osaka-Kobe areas (April 18, 1942) World War II in the Pacific • Doolittle received a hero’s welcome in the US and a promotion to Brigadier General World War II in the Pacific • Coral Sea (7-8 May 1942) Japanese Carrier HIJMS Shoho after torpedo hit World War II in the Pacific • Midway (4-5 June 1942) • Among other ships, Japan lost 4 carriers World War II in the Pacific • US lost carrier USS Yorktown (after the battle ended) US Strategy in the Pacific • General Douglas MacArthur • Southwest Pacific US Strategy in the Pacific • Admiral Chester W. Nimitz (18851966) • Central Pacific • Island hopping US Strategy in the Pacific • Leyte Gulf— Japanese introduced kamikaze pilots • Battleship USS Missouri under attack Death of Franklin Roosevelt • FDR died in April 1945 • Harry S Truman (19451953) The Atomic Bomb • Trinity test, the first nuclear explosion (Alamogordo, New Mexico July 16, 1945) The Atomic Bomb • B-29 Super Fortress Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima ON August 6, 1945. The Atomic Bomb • 71,000 killed • Four-square miles destroyed The Atomic Bomb • THE PLANE,Bock’s Car, dropped “Fat Man” on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The Atomic Bomb • Japan surrenders • V-J DAY IS • AUGUST 15, 1945 Japanese Surrender • Official surrender aboard USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Harbor September 2, 1945. WORLD WAR II IS OVER!!! Question • This African-American proposed a march on Washington, D.C. to protest discrimination in the military and in industry. Answer • A. Philip Randolph