Download newideasleaders WWII

Democracy
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Rule by the people
Civil Rights
Representative democracy
Capitalism – private business, no
government ownership, free market
Rule of Law
Canada and USA, 1930s
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Mired in a Depression
High Unemployment
Poverty
Hunger
Was capitalism failing?! Was democracy in
Danger?!
No!
Democracy was kept safe here . . .
But
in other parts of the world…
Contestant #1
I am a womanizer, have
self-interested policies
and unfortunately suffer
from ailing health.
Contestant #2
I have a drinking habit and
a defiant tongue or attitude
Contestant #3
I am a decorated war hero,
do not drink and want
to create a stable economy
Contestant #1
Contestant #2
Contestant #3
Treaty of Versailles
Black Tuesday
1929
- stock market crashes
Total Control
of State by a
Dictator
Great Depression
during
1930s
Increasing influence of new
political parties that emphasize
state control
-For example: Communism,
Nazism, Fascism
What
is it?
Describe its
characteristics…
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Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state
(political, military, economy, social, cultural)
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Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
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Strict controls and laws
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Military state (secret police, army, military)
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Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
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Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)
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One leader (dictator); charismatic
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Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
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Terror and Fear
Nazism
Totalitarianism
Communism
Fascism
*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism,
are completely different theories that are bitterly
opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour
I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the
Soviet Union from 1922-1953.
What is Communism?
• LEFT WING
• based on theory by Karl Marx
• revolutionary idea of a political,
economic and social system that
creates a “classless society”
• state ownership and control of the
means of production (no private
ownership)
• Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”,
was more of a totalitarian and
military state combined with
elements of communism
I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il
Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.
What is Fascism?
• RIGHT WING
• intense nationalism and elitism
• totalitarian control
• interests of the state more important
than individual rights
• maintain class system and private
ownership
Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from
the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority
consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax
I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer)
or dictator of Germany from 1933 to
1945.
What is Nazism?
• extremely fascist , nationalistic and
totalitarian
• based on beliefs of the National
Socialist German Workers Party
• belief in the racial superiority of the
Aryan, the “master race”
• belief that all Germans should have
“lebensraum” or living space in Europe
•Violent hatred towards Jews and
blamed Germany’s problems on them
Japan
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Militarism
War is main policy of
government
Use of force to reach
goals
Strong Army
Rising Sun
Japanese
Imperial Flag
Emperor Hirohito
Hideki Tojo
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Preached virtues of
territorial expansion
Needed to conquer – gain
more land
Japan poor in natural
resources
Claimed Japan’s destiny was
to drive out the western
colonial powers and rule all
of Asia
Censored media and
demanded total obedience
Spain
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Spanish Civil War, 1936
Francisco Franco vs. Republic
Government
Spain the place to stop the
rise of Fascism?
Democracies looked the
other way, remained neutral
(U.S., Britain, France)
Hitler aided Franco, tested
out strategies/weapons for
future conflicts in his quest
to enlarge Germany
Falange
Francisco Franco
• GESTAPO:
the Secret State Police
• SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard
unit formed out of the SA
• SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early
private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival
political parties
• Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for
territorial expansion of Germany into east
• Wehrmacht:
German army
• HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth
• Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units
• Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying
the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of
Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community
in government policies and programs)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkSFIw6vePM&feature=related
This Nazi propaganda poster reads,
‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.
“The Eternal Jew”
Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand
and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of
the world, with the imprint of the hammer and
sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in
anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence
against the Jewish community.
Policy of
Appeasement
Appeasement
 willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war
How was it used prior to World War II?
 Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be
negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent
countries)
 Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of
unjust Treaty of Versailles
Reality
 Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe
 Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue his
aggressive campaign . The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.
STEPS
TO
WAR
How did
World War II
begin?
How did
appeasement
contribute to
World War II?
http://www.markville.ss.
yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/
history/quotes.pdf
Reflect
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Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World
War II? Or appeasement?
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What do we have to remember about hindsight
when examining history?
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Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to
1939?
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What was Canada’s view of appeasement and
another potential war? What was “isolationism” ?