Download WWII

World War II
The war that changed the
world
The Road to World War II
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Treaty of Versailles
ended World War I
It was not based on
Wilson’s Fourteen
Points and enraged
some countries
 Germany (War Guilt
Clause and Reparations)
 Italy (Didn’t get the land
they wanted)
 Japan (Didn’t get all of
the land they wanted)
 Soviet Union (Left out of
the talks)
Dictators Gain Power
Benito Mussolini
Joseph Stalin
Adolf Hitler
The world wide Depression of the 1930s made it easier for
dictators to gain control in many European Countries. There was
an increase in militarism during this time period.
Acts of Aggression
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Japan Invades Manchuria and Chinese Cities
 League of Nations threatens but takes NO action
 Japan withdraws from the League of Nations
http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pacific/maps/images/maps_01_03.jpg
Italy Invades Africa
► Italy
invades Ethiopia
► Ethiopian King appeals
to League of Nations
► League of Nations will
not sell war supplies or
goods to Italy
http://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/00155.jpg
German Aggression Begins
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Nazi Party Comes to power
Anti - Semitic feelings
spread
Re armament
Hitler/Stalin sign NonAggression Pact
Hitler comes to power and
follows “Mein Kampf” - his
goals for Germany
http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2008/adolf_hitler/adolf_hitler_04.jpg
German Aggression
► Germany
invades
Rhineland
► Germany annexes
Austria
► Takes over part of
Czechoslovakia
► League does nothing
to stop them.
http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212881/solpara.jpg
Policy of Appeasement
► At
the Munich Conferences Great Britain and
France adopt the policy of Appeasement
► Appeasement: Giving into the competitor in
order to keep peace
► Germany is allowed to keep the land taken
over - BUT can’t take anymore
Appeasement, What?
http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/133b/07Projects/pix/RagsdaleMunichDiplomats.jpg
► After
the Munich Conference - Germany
continues to invade
 Germany took over the rest of Czechoslovakia
 Germany invades Poland (September 1, 1939)
The War Begins
http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/images/e40-1z.jpg
► After
Hitler invades Poland France and Great
Britain declare war on Germany
United States Neutrality
► Neutrality
Acts
declared the US would
stay out of war
► Americans were fearful
of getting involved in
another European
conflict
► Started Cash and Carry
policy
http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/ngbeyond/images/people_fdr.jpg
The Fall of France
► The
Germans invaded
France in 1940
► Months later all of
France had fallen to
the Nazis
► Charles de Gualle
escaped to Great
Britain to strategize
how to get France
back
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/francesurrenders4.jpg
Battle of Britain
► Germans
set out a
Blitzkrieg operation in
France.
► The bombing of Britain
lasted for months
► British never
surrendered
http://www.worldwar2today.com/images/theblitz.jpg
FDR’s Garden Hose
► “If
http://www.ilovedrseuss.com/images/us-lend-lease.jpg
http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/LL-AllForOne/img/LL-AllForOne-p5.jpg
your neighbor’s
house is on fire you
would let him borrow
your garden hose”
► FDR started the “Lend
Lease Program” Loaned war materials
to the Allies
U.S. Moving Closer to War
► Nazi
victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S.
defense spending
► First peacetime draft enacted—Selective Training
and Service Act:
Draftees to serve for 1 year in Western
Hemisphere only.
► FDR, Churchill issue Atlantic Charter —joint
declaration of war aims
► Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the United
Nations” or Allies
Japanese Attack
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http://www.stargazette.com/blogs/genx/apbond/img/pearlharbor.jpg
The Japanese need oil
from US, we refused to
trade with them
December 7, 1941 the
Japanese attacked the US
at Pearl Harbor in the
Pacific Ocean
2,403 Americans killed;
1,178 wounded
Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships
destroyed or damaged
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/Content/pearl-harbor-100days-ga.jpg
“A day which will live in infamy”
http://www.historyofwar.org/Pictures/PearlHarbor04.jpg
US Enters the War
► December
8, 1941 US
declares war on Japan
► December 11, 1941
Germany declares war
on the United States
FDR’s Speech to Congress
http://dase.laits.utexas.edu/media/american_politics_collection/viewitem/000117156_400 .
jpg
The American Homefront
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http://www.ethicurean.com/wp-content/uploads/image/plant-victory-garden.jpg
The United States
government stirs patriotic
feelings
Movies are used to build
morale
Propaganda is used to
keep war effort going
People rationed
goods/supplies and
started Victory Gardens
Continued War Effort
http://z.about.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/R/O/propaganda_quiet.jpg
http://www.teacheroz.com/images/homes.gif
http://www.usmm.org/p/looselips.jpg
http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/1940sphotos/posters/ridewithhitler.jpg
Women Enter the Workforce
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http://www.rosietheriveterphotos.com/images/070705172615_Woman_Working_a_
War_Job_LG.jpg
Women Enter the Military
http://www.defenselink.mil/home/features/2005/veday/poster_gallery/images/WWII%20WAC5.jpg
http://www.scripophily.com/webcart/vigs/wacposterstar.jpg
On the home front
► Many
factories converted to make weapons
► Nearly 18 million workers in war industries;
6 million are women
► Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong
discrimination at first
► • A. Philip Randolph, head of
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
► • Organizes march on D.C.; FDR executive
order forbids discrimination
Ford Plant during WWII
African Americans in the Military
http://www.blackarchives.org/files/imagecache/collectionitem_large/files/collection/00000030.jpg
Mexican Americans in the War
Effort
http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2007/09/21/PH2007092101945.jpg
http://ofamerica.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/burns-war.jpg
Navajo Code Talkers
https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2008-featured-story-archive/navajo-code-talkers/navajo-code-talkers-1.jpg
Japanese Americans
► Many
Japanese
Americans served
heroically for the US
in World War II
► The Nisei Regiment
received high honors
and awards of
distinction for bravery
http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/ww2/images/protection/442.jpg
Japanese Americans Interned
► Many
Americans were
distrusting of Japanese
Americans
► Thousands of
Japanese Americans
were forced into
Internment Camps in
the Midwest
throughout WWII
http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/images/japanese-evacuation.jpg
Internment Camp
http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/wwcod/image8-2.gif
http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/imagefolder/japaneseinternment.jpg
http://education.eastwestcenter.org/asiapacificed/ph2006/PH2006projects/7_clip_image001.jpg
Invasion of the Soviet Union
Hitler broke the
non-aggression
pact and invaded
the Soviet Union
-Germans wanted
to obtain the Soviet
oil fields quickly
-The Germans were
unsuccessful in the
winter months
http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/highres_30018917%20copy.jpg
Stalingrad
► Germans
tried to siege
Russian city of
Stalingrad
► Russians pushed the
Germans out of
Stalingrad
► Turning point on the
Eastern Front
http://www.battle-fleet.com/pw/his/stalingrad.htm
Fall of Italy
Allies moved to Italy
► Mussolini was overthrown
and moved his
government to Northern
Italy
► Allies freed Northern Italy
► Mussolini was shot and
killed by Italians
►
http://www.army.dnd.ca/2PPCLI/images/Regimental-History/WWII_Ortona.JPG
Death of Mussolini
D - Day Invasion
► June
http://www.rnsubmus.co.uk/images/dday/02%20-%20D-Day%20map.gif
6, 1944 Allies
open operation to free
France
► Landed on the
Beaches of Normandy
under the command of
Dwight D. Eisenhower
► Heavy loss of life but
successful in freeing
France
Eisenhower Commands
http://www.old-picture.com/defining-moments/pictures/Eisenhower-Paratroopers-D-Day.jpg
Amphibious Landing
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/dday.htm
Battle of the Bulge
► Nazi’s
last offensive
attack
► Attacked area between
France and Germany
► US soldiers attacked
from the rear and
defeated the Germans
http://www.durand.k12.wi.us/hs/history/BattleBulge/bulgemap.jpg
FDR Dies in Office
April 1945
http://mitchellarchives.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/fdr-dies-ff.jpg
Victory in Europe Day
► Soviet
army
surrounded Berlin
► Nazis surrendered to
Eisenhower
► May 7, 1945: V-E Day
► Hitler refuses to
surrender and commits
suicide
http://img178.imageshack.us/img178/5016/06kiss2spanbf5e4bcb6.png
http://shop.wisconsinhistory.org/productcart/pc/catalog/newsnazis_detail.jpg
http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/Adolf_Hi
tler_Stars_and_Stripes_Fuehrer_Dead.jpg
Hitler’s Final Solution
► Holocaust
► People
effected:
 Jews, Poles, Slavs,
Gypsies, homosexuals,
disabled, mentally ill
 11 million die, over half
are Jews
http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00841/HOLOCAUST/holocaust%20pics/holoca
ust_israel_survivors.jpg
http://isurvived.org/Pictures_iSurvived-4/HOLOCAUST-2corpses.GIF
http://libcom.org/files/holocaust.jpg
1 million pairs of shoes
War in the Pacific
► In
first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan
conquers empire
► Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied
forces in Philippines
► March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on
Bataan Peninsula
► FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands
of troops remain (says he will return)
Prisoners of War
► Bataan
Death March
 Shows treatment of
POWs in the Pacific
 76,000 American and
Filipino POWs
 Forced to march for 61
miles in tropical heat
with no food and only a
sip of water
 10,000 died/executed
during march
 15,000 killed at end of
the march
http://www.bataancvl29.org/images/BataanDeathMarch.jpg
War in the Pacific
Battle of Midway is won
by U.S. after breaking
Japanese code. Sink 4
Jap. Aircraft Carriers.
Battle is fought entirely in
the air.
► US begins “Island
Hopping” beginning with
Guadalcanal
► U.S. starts to Capture
islands getting closer to
Japan
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http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/national_parks/pacific_theater_1941_45.jpg
U.S. takes back Philippines
► Summer
1944 U.S. attacks Japan in the
Philippines
► Largest naval battle ever fought off shore,
280 warships involved
► Japan starts the use of kamikaze attacks
► Japanese soldiers also start suicide attacks
Kamikazes
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
► Iwo
Jima critical as base from which planes can
reach Japan
► 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700
Japanese, 200 survive
► April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa
► 170,000 Japanese defend island, only 10,000
surrender.
► April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese
die
► Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5
million Allied casualties
Iwo Jima
http://www.marines.mil/units/hqmc/divpa/PublishingImages/iwojima1.jpg
http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/43/71343-004-339D054B.jpg
Japan Surrenders
Manhattan Project - U.S.
develops atomic bomb
(started many years
earlier)
1. US Drops first atomic
bomb on Hiroshima
2. Soviet Union invades
Japan
3. US Drops second atomic
bomb on Nagasaki
4. Japan Surrenders
Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima
Hiroshima
Victory Over Japan Day
The Yalta Conference
► February
1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet
in Yalta to discuss post-war world
► FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily
divide Germany into 4 parts
► Stalin promises free elections in Eastern
Europe; will fight Japan
► FDR gets support for conference to establish
United Nations
Effects of World War II
► Geneva
Convention
 Set guidelines for POWs
► Nuremberg
Trials -24
Nazi leaders tried,
sentenced
► Formation of Israel
 Jewish Nation
► Creation
Nations
of United
 Prevent future wars
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/media/images/UN-LOGO%20copy.jpg