Download WWII Presentation

Written by: Greg Clevenger
World War II - Major Causes
• Resentments
unresolved from World
War I
• Europe promoted
revenge, not
reconciliation
• Europe did not embrace
democracy
Map of Europe after World War I
Map of the Pacific Theatre
Major Cause: Increased Nationalism
• Fascism in
Italy
• Nazism in
Germany
Fascism Defined
• One-party system
• Total government control
• Dictator always right
• Terror and
violence
glorified
• Opposition
groups
immobilized
Fascism Defined
• Appealed to
lower-middle-class
• Economic, social, and
political mobilization
• Considered final stage in
evolution of Capitalism
• Fascism not exactly the
same as Communism
Fascism in Italy
• Benito Mussolini
created Fascism
• Strong leaders
could help with
unemployment
and inflation
• Mussolini was made
IL Duce, The Leader,
by Italian king
Mussolini’s Slogan
“Everything for the state, nothing against
the state, nothing outside the state.”
Single click the speaker icon or audio words
to hear the clip >>>>
Nazism in Germany
• Founded by
Adolf Hitler
• Knew racism would
increase pride and
nationalism
• Imprisoned during
1920’s for Nazi
extremism
Nationalism Defined
• Being devoted to
interests of one’s
country
• Increased pride and
patriotism
• Major emphasis on
military power
• Will employ
questionable
tactics to empower
country
Nazism in Germany
• Hitler wrote
autobiography,
Mein Kampf
• Hitler became Chancellor
of Germany
• Popularity in Nazism grew
during Great Depression
The Third Reich
• German Reich became
official name of German
government
• Referred to as the Third
Reich
• Lasted from 1933-1945
Hitler’s Background
• Internalized racism
towards Jews
• Often abused by
stepfather
• Blamed Jewish doctor for
the death of his (Jewish)
mother
• Believed Jewish bankers
were behind World War I
• Denied entry into Vienna
Art School by Jewish
leaders
Concentration Camps
• Located throughout German-occupied territory
• Some camps work camps
• Other camps death camps
• At some, prisoners used for “medical experiments”
Quotes from Mein Kampf
Single click the speaker icon or audio words
to hear the clip >>>>
“Instruction in world history in the socalled high schools is even today in a
very sorry condition. Few teachers
understand that the study of history can
never be to learn historical dates and
events by heart and recite them by rote;
that what matters is not whether the
child knows exactly when this battle or
that was fought, when a general was
born, or even when a monarch (usually a
very insignificant one) came into the
crown of his forefathers. No, by the
living God, this is very unimportant. To
‘learn’ history means to seek and find the
forces which are the causes leading to
those effects which we subsequently
perceive as historical events.”
Quotes from Mein Kampf
“Democracy, the deceitful theory that the Jew would
insinuate. Namely that all men are created equal.”
Single click the speaker icon or audio words
to hear the clip >>>>
Nationalism in Japan
• Nationalistic military
leaders took control of
Japan
• Japan attacked
Manchuria in 1931
• Japan quit League of
Nations
What about the United States?
• U.S. turned
inward to get out
of Great
Depression
• U.S. returned to
policy of
isolationism
• America
determined to
avoid war
Isolationism Video
QuickTime™ and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Single click screen
to view video
Signs of War
• Japan invaded
Manchuria in
1931
• Germany
dropped out of
the League of
Nations in 1933
• Italy invaded
Ethiopia in 1936
Signs of War
• Germany occupied Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938
• Hitler met with French Premier and British Prime
Minister
• The Munich Agreement was signed to avoid war
• British leader Chamberlain commented, “I believe it is
peace in our time.”
Policy of Appeasement
Giving up principles to pacify an aggressor
Winston Churchill on Appeasement
“We have passed an awful
milestone in our
history…And do not
suppose that this is the
end…This is only the first
sip, the first foretaste of a
bitter cup which will be
proffered to us year by year unless…we arise
again and take our stand for freedom…”
—Churchill’s response to the Munich Agreement
Single click the speaker icon or audio words
to hear the clip >>>>
September 1939
• Germany invaded
Poland
• Germans used Blitzkrieg
or lightning warfare
• Poles held off
Germans for one
month
Blitzkrieg in Poland
• Taking the enemy by
surprise with new
technology
• Bomb military bases,
airfields, and cities
• Send tanks to spread
terror and destroy
War Began September 3, 1939
• Japan invaded China
in 1937
• France and Britain
declared war on
Germany
• Soviet Union remained
neutral
More Invasions
• Hitler’s goal: world domination
• Hitler invaded six countries
The Battle of Britain: 1940
• Hitler believed Britain
was main target
• Britain’s Navy was
superior
• Germans resorted to
Air Force bombing
• Approximately 200
German bombers
pounded London
• British radar saved the day
Battle of Britain
• Saved Great Britain
possible Nazi domination
• Battle fought primarily in
skies over Britain and
English Channel
• Nearly 500 RAF pilots
killed
• RAF lost 915 fighter
planes
• Luftwaffe lost 1,733
aircraft
Battle of Britain Video
QuickTime™ and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Single click screen
to view video
The Holocaust
• Hitler’s systematic
discrimination of Jews
began 1933
• Jews as scapegoats for
German failures
• Nuremberg Laws of
1935 stripped Jews of
rights
• Jews forced to wear
bright yellow Star of
David
Imprisoned and in Fear
• Jews only allowed to
stay in Jewish
ghettos
• Jews cut off from
livelihoods and lived
in fear
• Anti-Semitism escalated
• Nazi sympathizers attacked Jews
Genocide
• An attempt to rid Europe of all Jews
• A deliberate and systematic killing of an
entire population
Final Solution
• Targeted groups for discrimination and mass
extermination
Mass Exterminations
• 4 million died in the death camps
• Poison gas was a method for mass slaughter by 1942
• Gas chambers could kill as many as 12,000 people a day
U.S. Moves toward War
• U.S. Neutrality Act
revised after
invasion of
Poland
• U.S. began selling
arms to warring
nations
• First peacetime
draft in U.S.
history
Arsenal for Democracy
• Roosevelt (FDR), won
a third term
• Britain needed wartime
help from U.S.
• U.S. adopted policy of
lending and leasing bases
and other items for war to
“any country whose
defense was vital to
the U.S.”
Arsenal for Democracy
• Hitler’s submarines became threat to U.S.
• Hitler invaded Soviet Union
• Ordered “maximum cruelty” against civilians
• U.S. Navy granted permission to attack German
submarines in self-defense
FDR on the Shootings
“The shooting has started. And history
has recorded who fired the first shot.”
Single click the speaker icon or audio words
to hear the clip >>>>
Pearl Harbor
• December 7th, 1941
• Japanese attack
U.S. military
installation
• 2,403 Americans
killed and 1,178
wounded
• “A date which will
live in infamy.”
• Attack prompted
American support
for declaring war
War on Two Fronts
• U.S. declared war
against Japan
• Germany declared
war against the U.S.
• Millions joined the
armed forces
U.S. Home Front
• Automobile
factories start to
produce tanks,
boats, and planks
• Millions work in
wartime industries
• This includes
millions of women
and minorities
Home Front Video
QuickTime™ and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Single click screen
to view video
Rosie the Riveter
• Women worked in
the factories
• Economic power
increased for
women
• Divorce rate
increased
Office of Price Administration
• Froze prices, created
rationing programs, and
gave income tax revisions
• War Production Board
(WPB) was in charge
of recycling and
management of war
industries
Major Battles in the Pacific Theatre
• Doolittle’s Raid — 1942
• Midway — 1942
Doolittle’s Raid: 1942
• 16 U.S. B-25
bombers attack
Tokyo
• Mission led by
Colonel James
Doolittle
• Most planes
crashed or were
abandoned in
China
Midway: 1942
• Turning point of War
in the Pacific
• The architect of Pearl
Harbor, Admiral
Yamamoto, led the
Japanese
• Admiral Nimitz
commanded the
Americans
Japanese Retreat
• Significant
Japanese naval
defeat
• Yamamoto
ordered general
retreat
• Japanese
unaware of U.S.
carriers
More Pacific Battles
• Iwo Jima — 1945
• Okinawa — 1945
Iwo Jima: 1945
• U.S. needed landing base
closer to Japan
• Japan intercepted
American bombers
• 6,821 Americans died
to secure island
• U.S. flag came down in
1968
Okinawa - 1945
• Ideal place from
which to invade Japan
• Japanese resorted
to suicide missions
• Missions called
Kamikaze or “Divine
Wind”
• 2,800 Kamikaze
attacks
• 4,900 U.S. seamen died
Naval Defeat
• Largest Japanese
battleship sunk
• Japanese naval
threat ended
• Japan lost 110,000
lives on land
• U.S. lost 12,520
lives on land
European Theatre Battles
• Stalingrad — 1942
• Italy — 1943
Stalingrad: 1942
• Germany invaded the
Soviet Union
• Bitter winter and Soviet
resistance caused
German surrender
• Soviets lost nearly a
million soldiers
Invasion of Italy: 1943
• Fascist Italy
weaker than
Germany
• Americans landed
at Sicily
• Allies had
intended to fight
way to Berlin
• Italy surrendered
to Allies
• Mussolini
resigned as leader
Operation Overlord / D-Day
• Commander Eisenhower
• Single largest invasion
• Free France from Nazis
• Push Germans to Berlin
• British, American, and
Canadian troops invade
Normandy
• D-Day June 6th, 1944
D-Day
• Planning took two
years
• Thousands of
military vehicles,
tanks, and planes
used
• Germans thought
landing would be to
the north
• Hitler asleep
morning of attack
• Rommel late getting
to front
Battle of the Bulge: 1944
• Last counteroffensive by
Germans
• December 1944
• Germans
wanted Belgian
Port of Antwerp
• About 81,000
American
casualties
Battle of the Bulge
• British and
Americans
forced Germans
to withdraw
• Nearly 100,000
German
casualties
• Last German
counteroffensive failed
Battle of the Bulge Video
QuickTime™ and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Single click screen
to view video
Victory in Europe
• Victory in Europe Day
• May 8, 1945
• Hitler hid in bunker and
killed himself
• Russians liberated
Berlin
• German Army
surrendered
Back to Japan
• 1 million would have
died if U.S. had invaded
mainland
• Truman decided to end
war quickly
• Japan encouraged to
surrender
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• First atomic bomb was dropped
on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945
• Still no surrender
• Second atomic bomb was
dropped 3 days later over
Nagasaki
Atomic Bomb Video
QuickTime™ and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Single click screen
to view video
Victory in Japan
• V-J Day on August 15, 1945
• Japanese Emperor broadcasted to his people
for first time
• World War II
was over!
The Numbers
• 30 countries
• Estimated 55 million deaths
America and World War II Postscript
• World War II stimulated
American economy
• U.S. became the most
powerful nation
• Millions of women
employed
• Technological gains
for farmers
• Many Southerners
moved North
Concluding Thoughts
• Largest international
episode of 20th Century
• Six years
• Most destructive
war in history