* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download World War II & the Cold War
World War II and American animation wikipedia , lookup
Allied war crimes during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Fascism in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Pursuit of Nazi collaborators wikipedia , lookup
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere wikipedia , lookup
Appeasement wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Nazi views on Catholicism wikipedia , lookup
Allied Control Council wikipedia , lookup
Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Economy of Nazi Germany wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War II wikipedia , lookup
New Order (Nazism) wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
European theatre of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
End of World War II in Europe wikipedia , lookup
World War II Goal 10 Nazis ( nat-zees) Nazi Rise to Power What do you know about the Treaty of Versailles? Young radical named Adolf Hitler joins National Socialist Party (Nazi); tries revolution in early 1920s – – Arrested and jailed Writes book called Mein Kampf; blames Jews & Communists Nazi Party gains more power after Great Depression hits the world in 1929-30 Natzees Continued Hitler & Nazis gain control of German government LEGALLY in 1933 – – – – Set up “Third Reich” (fascism - nationalistic, racist, dictatorship) Nazis begin “educating” youth of Germany Start eliminating political competition Start persecuting Jews Nuremburg laws Anti-Semitic Laws Natzees take over… Italy has fascist government under Benito Mussolini; begins to ally with Hitler Japan gains power; invades Manchuria in 1931 & invades China in 1937 Hitler begins to break Treaty of Versailles – – Begins troop buildup & military buildup Sends troops into Rhineland in 1936 (French & GB do nothing) Continued… Hitler takes control of Austria in 1938 Hitler threatens to take Sudetenland (NW Czechoslovakia) Munich Conference (1938) – – British use policy of appeasement; agree to give Sudetenland in exchange for no further aggression Neville Chamberlin (British Prime Minister) “We’ve achieved peace in our time.” Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia in Spring 1939 War!!! Who vs. Who this time? Axis Powers – – – Germany Japan Italy Allies – – – – – England France (before defeat) U.S. USSR China FDR, Churchill, Stalin Hitler, Mussolini, Hirohito America: Pre-War Years, 1939-1941 Cash & Carry – Tripartite Pact – – Sept. 1939: allowed warring nations to buy US arms; must pay cash & transport own goods Establishes the Axis Powers Sept. 1940: Germany, Italy, Japan sign Lend/Lease Act – – 1941: British out of cash; US lends/leases goods US also provides aide to Soviet Union Pre War Continued German U-Boats – – U-boats attack US ships (1941) Roosevelt orders Navy to fight back IF attacked Japan attacks US – – – US cut off trade to Japan (including oil) to persuade them to stop expansion in Pacific Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 US declares war on Japan; Italy & Germany declare war on US War at Home 5 Million Americans volunteered for military service – 10 Million more drafted via Selective Service US industry converts to complete war-time production – – War Production Board (WPB) regulates industries for war-time production Women join workforce (Rosie the Riveter) Government sets up Office of Price Administration (OPA) – – – Price freezes set up to regulate economy US citizens begin rationing materials; most for military use Propaganda used to convince citizens to help Anti-Japanese US discriminates against Japanese-Americans – Internment camps set up for Japanese-Americans on West Coast – 110,000+ relocated from homes to concentration camps – Most are native born – Korematsu v. United States, 1944 – Supreme Court rules in favor of US gov’t Fighting Pacific – – Japan continues expansion in Pacific while US is weak (after Pearl Harbor) Japan takes Philippines from US in early 1942 General Douglas McArthur vows “I shall return” Troops suffer Bataan Death March Atlantic/Europe – – – US suffers many early attacks by German U-Boats Stalin urges US & British to invade Europe in 1942 Instead US & British attack North Africa (Nov. 42) – Allies defeat Germans in N.Africa by May 1943 Attack next moves into Italian Peninsula in 1943 ***Major Battles-Europe*** Stalingrad – – – Normandy/D-Day – – – Aug.1942-Feb.1943; Turning Point of WWII Germans lose ¼ of their fighting force; bloodiest battle in history (1.5 million casualties) Germans fight defensively in the East for the rest of the war June 6, 1944; Massive allied invasion into France Largest land/sea/air invasion in world history; leads to allied advances in France Known as Operation Overlord Battle of the Bulge – – – Last German effort to stop Allied advance from West (Ardennes) Dec.1944-Jan.1945; Failed effort left German forces in the West weak US advances into Germany relatively unharmed Major Battles-Pacific Midway *** – – Guadalcanal – – – October 1944; Largest naval battle in modern history Japanese begin using kamikaze pilots Iwo Jima*** – – Aug.1942-Feb.1943; First major land offensive against Japan Leads to “Island Hopping” Leyte Gulf – June 4-7, 1942; Turning point of the war in the Pacific Weakens Japanese navy; they fight defensively for rest of the war Feb-Mar.1945; 22,000 Japanese killed (216 capture) Fierce fighting; Japanese wouldn’t surrender Okinawa – – – Mar-June 1945; last stop before mainland of Japan Japanese continue to fight to the end (200,000 military & civilian casualties) US plan invasion of Japan D-Day: June 6, 1944 End of the War FDR dies April 12, 1945, Truman takes over. Europe – Soviets lay siege to Berlin in April 1945 – Hitler and many top Nazi leaders commit suicide – Germans finally surrender on May 8, 1945 Pacific – Japanese refuse to surrender – Manhattan Project - US develops atomic bomb Dr. Robert Oppenhiemer – US decided to use bombs on Japan, hoping to force surrender – Aug.6, 1945 US drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima Up to 145,000 killed – Aug.9, 1945 US drops “Fat Man” on Nagasaki Up to 75,000 killed – Aug.15, Japan announces decision to surrender, officially doing so on Sept. 2, 1945 After Effects Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) – Potsdam Conference (July 1945) – – High ranking Nazi officers put on trial for war crimes Highest ranking officer (Goering) sentenced to death; commits suicide before being executed Japan Rebuilt – Germany divided into 4 occupation zones; leads to communist East Germany and democratic West Germany Nuremburg Trials – United Nations created; tensions between Allies begin over post-War Eastern Europe (democracy or communism) US rebuilds Japan, establishing a constitution/democratic gov’t Cold War – Tensions between US & USSR continue until 1990 regarding spread of communism/democracy (Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.)