Download 1-21 Ch 20 Sec 2 Europe

Ch 20 Sec 2: Early Battles (Europe)
•
Allied Strategy – Although Stalin wanted the U.S. and
England to attack Germany on the Western Front, Churchill
and Roosevelt wanted to attack on the periphery (edges)
of Germany’s strength and focused on North Africa.
•
Erwin Rommel – German general (The Desert Fox) who
enjoyed great success in Africa controlling the Suez Canal
•
Invasion of North Africa – American troops led by
Generals Dwight Eisenhower and George Patton joined
British forces to attack the Germans and after early failures
forced the Germans to surrender within one year.
•
Battle of the Atlantic – German submarines continue to
attack cargo ships head to the Atlantic but American
industries were able to produce more ships then the
Germans could sink
•
Stalingrad – turning point of the war in Europe. Germany
attempts a land invasion of the Soviet Union that is turned
back at Stalingrad. 91,000 German troops surrendered but
only 5,000 of them returned home after the war.
Chapter Objectives
Section 2: The Early Battles
• Analyze how the Allies were able to fight a war on
two fronts and turn the war against the Axis in the
Pacific, Russia, and North Atlantic.
• Explain why Stalingrad is considered a major
turning point of World War II.
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Guide to Reading
Main Idea
By late 1942, the Allies had stopped the German
and Japanese advance. 
Key Terms and Names
• Chester Nimitz 
• periphery 
• Douglas MacArthur 
• George Patton 
• James Doolittle 
• convoy system
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Turning Back the German Army
• The leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, urged
Roosevelt to open a second front in Europe.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army
• Although Roosevelt wanted his
troops to enter into battle in
Europe, Prime Minister Churchill
wanted to be more cautious and
attack the periphery, or edges,
of Germany.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army
• In July 1942,
Roosevelt
ordered the
invasion of
Morocco and
Algeria–
French
territories
indirectly
under
Germany
control.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• On November 8,
1942, the American
invasion of North
Africa began under
the command of
General Dwight D.
Eisenhower.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• General George Patton led the American forces in
Morocco and captured the city of Casablanca.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• At the Battle of Kasserine Pass, Americans faced the
German army for the first time.
• Outmaneuvered and outfought, Americans suffered
huge losses.
• The general in charge was fired and Patton was put in
command.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• The Allied forces pushed the Germans back in the
Battle of El Alamein.
• The Nazis lost
despite having one
of their greatest
Generals in charge
Erwin Rommel (The
Desert Fox)
• On May 13, 1943,
German forces in
North Africa
surrendered.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• After Germany
declared war on
the United States,
German
submarines began
sinking American
cargo ships along
the American East
Coast.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• The situation greatly improved when the U.S. Navy
set up a convoy system, in which cargo ships
traveled in groups and were escorted by navy
warships.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• The German submarine campaign continued into the
spring of 1942.
• From July on, American shipyards produced
more ships than German submarines could sink.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• Hitler wanted to defeat the Soviets by destroying
their economy.
• So he ordered
his army to
capture oil
fields,
industries, and
farmlands vital
to the Soviet
economy.
• The Germans
tried to capture
Stalingrad, but
the Soviets
held their
ground.
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(pages 621–623)
Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• The Germans were surrounded and surrendered.
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
(pages 621–623)
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Turning Back the German Army (cont.)
• The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in the
war because it put the Germans on the defensive.
(pages 621–623)
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