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Axis Powers: Adolf Hitler: Germany, Fascist, leader of Nazi party, wrote Mein Kamf Benito Mussolini: Italy, Fascist, leader of the Black Shirts, Hideki Tojo: Japan, Imperialist, attacked Pearl Harbor Joseph Stalin-Russia/Soviet Union, Communist, killed many of his own people in purges Franklin Delano Roosevelt- American President, Democracy, originally wanted to stay out of the war but changed his mind Winston Churchill-Great Britain, Democracy, distrusted Stalin but had no choice other than allying with him Germany becomes more aggressive with Adolf Hitler in power Hitler refuses to accept the Treaty of Versailles and leaves the League of Nations Why is Hitler expansionist? Leberstraun and a belief in Racial Superiority (Space and Race) Hitler rebuilds the military Reoccupies the Rhineland (area rich in resources and a buffer between Germany and France) and claims Austria Demands the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia Munich Agreement: Great Britain and France give in to Hitler’s demands, but vow to step in if he invades another country Hitler takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia and sets his sights on Poland Hitler invades Poland and ignites WWII France and Great Britain declare war on Germany and Italy. Why not Soviet Union? Stalin and Hitler sign a Non Aggression Pact Keeps USSR out of the war and allows Hitler to concentrate on the west Blitzkrieg-lightning warfare, quick attack with tanks and planes Luftwaffe-German air force Maginot Line: Line of defenses on France’s border with Germany Strategy: Invaded France through the Ardennes forest 1939:Take Poland, France, the Netherlands, and most of continental Europe. 1941: Hitler invades the Soviet Union (breaking the NonAgression Pact) and takes vast amounts of Russian territory However, Italy makes no progress in Africa Roadblock: Great Britain 1940: Resists Germany through the RAF and Radar: The Battle of Britain Brits and Soviets are able to hold out long enough for the US entry into the war Axis of a different practice Imperial Ambition: Take over the Asian World Up to this point in the war: Had taken over vast portions of the Pacific including much of China, Korea, and Southeast Asia Had maintained peace talks with the US “A day that will live in Infamy” –FDR Japanese attack the Pearl Harbor Naval base in Hawaii to try to knock out American Fleet (in the midst of peace talks) Caused great damage, but our important aircraft carriers were out to sea (Japanese target) Caused the United States to enter WWII Goes through North Africa First General Dwight D Eisenhower and the British sweep out the Germans and Invade Italy However, Hitler reinforces Mussolini’s forces and a stalemate results in Italy. Soviet Union pleads for a second front US and Great Britain agree to invade France in the D-Day Invasion to open up a second front Codename: Operation Overlord Successful in gaining a beachhead and opening up a second front in the Normandy Invasion Soviet Union wins the Battle of Stalingrad and turns the tide of war on the Eastern front Hitler and Mussolini are surrounded and losing battle after battle Battle of the Bulge: Last chance effort to turn the war in the favor of the Axis powers Germans push some Allied lines back, but cannot break through Uses up last remaining resources of the European Axis Powers Women and minorities had new job opportunities Rationing: Help the War effort Rosie: Worked hard, but not much pay Rosie the Riveter Economy Booms Growing Urban Pop., military industry grows, and the economy becomes more global However, still need War Bonds-loans to the gov. by citizens Discrimination: Jim Crow Army Japanese Internment Camps: Imprisoned to prevent threat of an uprising Japanese Internment cont’de: Civil Liberties (rights) of Japanese were restricted because of spy paranoia Korematsu v. United States (1944)-SC ruled that the war justified the limitation of these liberties What do you think? (short response) US Military Training Centers Camp Campbell: Home of the “Screaming Eagles” 101st Airborne (Ten/Ken border) FDR Elected to Fourth Term (longest ever) Cordell Hull-Secretary of State under FDR (longest ever), from TN War Materials: Alcoa, Memphis, Kingsport, and Chattanooga Russia from the east, Other Allies from the west Berlin: Hitler hides out in a bunker as it is bombed and “commits suicide” with his wife Eva Braun (April 30th 1945) (FDR April 12th) May 8th 1945-V-E Day Victory in Europe, but not in Japan Yalta (Feb) Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Germany occupation areas of Allies (4:GB, FR, US, SU) Security Council for UN SU would allow free elections in East Europe Potsdam (July) Truman, Attlee, and Stalin Borders of Eastern Europe Making Germany Democratic/Communist Clash between US and SU SU refuses Free Elections Had been on the backburners Japan had initial success (map) Stop: Battle of the Coral Sea Win: Battle of Midway Huge Casualties: What was the answer? Top Secret Plan to build the Atomic Bomb Oak Ridge, TN: Created in 1942 to enrich Uranium for the bomb Can of Worms: Espionage Nuclear proliferation Ethical Debates Truman decides to use the A-Bomb Hiroshima-August 6th, 1945 (p.584) Still refuse to surrender Nagasaki-August 9th, 1945 Emperor Hirohito decides enough is enough Japanese Complete Surrender-September 2, 1945 End of WWII USA SOVIET UNION