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The Holocaust
What is the Holocaust?
"Holocaust" is a word of
Greek origin meaning
"sacrifice by fire."
The Holocaust was the
systematic, bureaucratic,
state-sponsored
persecution and murder
of approximately six
million Jews by the Nazi
regime and its
collaborators
Groups targeted b/c of
“racial inferiority”




Jews
Gypsies
Handicapped People
Slavs
Poles, Russians, and
others
Political & Behavioral
Reasons




Communists
Socialists
Jehovah's Witnesses
Homosexuals
Names to Know
Adolf Hitler

Leader of Germany
Heinrich Himmler


Head of SS
2nd in command to
Hitler
Joseph Goebbels


3rd in command
Reich Propaganda
Director
Adolf Eichmann


SS Lieutenant Colonel
implemented the
system of transporting
prisoners
Rudolf Hess


Reichsminister
in charge of Hitler's
day-to-day schedule
Himmler
Hitler
Eichmann
Goebbels
Hess
More Names…
Hermann Goring


commander in chief of
the Luftwaffe
Lost power to Albert
Speer and Goebbels
Albert Speer


one of Hitler's top aids
Believed to have
prolonged war –
allowing killing of more
Jews
Reinhard Heydrich


key member of the
group that came
together to discuss the
final solution of Jews
in 1942
was bombed, shot,
and killed by two
Czech citizens
Speer
Heydrich
Goring
NUMBERS
1933 – Jewish
Population of Europe



Over 9 million – prior
to WWII
By 1950 – 3.5 million
By 1945 – nearly 2 out
of 3 Jews murdered
Nearly 200,000
mentally & physically
disabled people
Taking away Jewish rights
1933


begin boycotting
Jewish businesses
Prohibit Jews from
owning land
1938



1937

Banned from
participating in certain
occupations

Jews forced to register
all of their property
Why?
So Germans can take
it!
Women forced to add
“Sarah” and men
“Israel” to their names
Kristallnacht
Night of Broken Glass
November 9 & 10
1938
Gangs of Nazi youth
roam through Jewish
neighborhoods
breaking windows,
burning synagogues,
and looting
Jews attacked and
beaten; rounded up
and sent to camps
Burned out synagogue
Events of 1939
Jews forced to hand
over property
Nazis begin
euthanasia on sick
and disabled in
Germany
Yellow stars worn by
Jews over age 10
Events of 1941
Einsatzgruppen (mobile
killing units) begin killing
“undesirables”
The first test use of
Zyklon-B gas at
Auschwitz.
Himmler summons
Auschwitz Kommandant
Höss to Berlin and tells
him, "The Führer has
ordered the Final Solution
of the Jewish question.
We, the SS, have to carry
out this order...I have
therefore chosen
Auschwitz for this
purpose."
Types of Camps
Labor

Forced the inhabitants
to work
Prison

Death/Extermination

End result to kill the
inhabitants
Holding the inhabitants
for a prolonged period
of time
Transit

Inhabitants only there
temporarily as they are
being moved from one
location to another
List of Death Camps
Auschwitz-Birkenau

Located in present day
Poland
Bełżec

Located in present day
Poland
Majdanek

Current day Poland
Maly Trostenets

Current day Belarus
Chełmno

Present day Poland
Jasenovac

Current day Croatia
Lwów, Janowska Street

Current day Ukraine
Sobibór

Poland
Treblinka

Poland
Warsaw

Poland
Gas chambers
Gas chambers

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Victims brought in by
train
1st few believed they
were leaving the
country
Told to strip naked
Ripped their gold teeth
out
Shaved women’s
heads
Told they needed to
shower
All crowded into the
“showers”
Gas came out of
showers…killing the
victims
Cremation
Victims died
elsewhere
Taken to the ovens to
burn their bodies
German citizens
claimed to have no
knowledge of this
taking place…despite
the horrendous smell
View of the wooden shed
containing the old crematory ovens
Dr Josef Mengele
SS Doctor
Performed medical
experiments
Often killed his
“patients” and
dissected their bodies
Results
Death Toll of the Jewish People
Country/Region
Low Estimate
High Estimate
Germany (1938 Borders)
125,000
130,000
Austria
580,000
65,000
24,700
29,000
0
7,000
245,000
277,000
France
64,000
83,000
Greece
58,000
65,000
300,000
402,000
7,500
8,000
101,800
106,000
677
760
3,700,000
4,565,000
Romania
40,000
220,000
Yugoslavia
54,000
60,000
4,778,677
6,017,760
Belgium & Luxembourg
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary & Ukraine
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland & USSR
TOTAL
Images…sit quietly and observe
Human remains found at Dachau