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Nazi Germany The Collapse of Nazism These icons indicate that teacher’s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation. 1 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Learning objectives Learning objectives What we will learn in this presentation: What were Hitler’s early successes in the Second World War? How did the Battle of Britain, the battle for the USSR and the battle for Germany bring about the fall of Nazism? What happened to the Nazis, Germany, and the wider world following the collapse of Hitler's regime in 1945? 2 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Introduction: Blitzkrieg 3 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The plan to invade Britain After the fall of France, Hitler was keen to defeat Britain – the only country still at war with Germany. His plan of attack, Operation Sea Lion, aimed to destroy the RAF in preparation for a seaborne invasion from France. 4 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The Battle of Britain However, by September the Luftwaffe had still not succeeded in destroying the RAF. Photograph courtesy of the Imperial War Museum, London. Operation Sea Lion was called off on 17 September. 5 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The battle for the USSR By the summer of 1940, Hitler’s attention was being drawn away from Britain, and towards the Soviet Union. Despite signing the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939, Hitler had always intended to invade the USSR to gain more ‘lebensraum’ (living space). According to Nazi racial doctrine, the USSR was populated by ‘inferior’ Russians, Eastern Europeans and Jews, so Germany had every right to take their land for the Aryans. Besides, Hitler had always hated Communism, and Russia had vast oil reserves that Germany could exploit. 6 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Operation Barbarossa 7 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The Eastern Front The German campaign in Russia dragged on until 1944, with incredible suffering on both sides. The Battle of Stalingrad ended with the capture of 500,000 German soldiers after Hitler refused to allow them to retreat. The Siege of Leningrad which lasted from 1941 to 1944 resulted in the deaths of almost 1 million Russians (one third of the city’s population), many from starvation. In 1942 Hitler told his tank commander General Heinz Guderian that feelings of pity and sympathy for his soldiers had to be shut out. Soldiers were a necessary sacrifice in the ‘heroic struggle’. 8 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The battle for Germany By 1944, the tide had turned decisively against Germany. The USSR was attacking Germany from the east, whilst Britain (now aided by the USA) was attacking from the West following the successful D-Day landings in France. 9 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The defeat of Nazi Germany 10 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The defeat of Nazi Germany 11 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 The defeat of Nazi Germany Which was the most significant turning point of the war: (a) The Battle of Britain (b) the battle for the USSR (c) the battle for Germany? Explain your answer carefully. 12 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 After the war: the Nazis 13 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 After the war: the Nazis What do you think about the fate of the Nazi leaders? Do you think that the Allies… were too lenient? were too harsh? treated the Nazis fairly? Photograph courtesy of the Imperial War Museum, London. 14 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 After the war: Germany 15 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 After the war: the wider world After World War II, the international community was horrified to discover the true scale of Nazi atrocities against the Jews. So in 1947, the United Nations declared that the Jewish people should be given their own legitimate homeland. It was to be situated in Palestine, where the ancient Jewish Kingdom of Israel had been. However, the Muslim Arab peoples who already lived in the area refused to accept this decision. This gave rise to the Arab-Israeli conflict which continues to pose a serious threat to world peace today. The USA gives strong support to Israel while the Arab world supports the Palestinians. 16 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006 Plenary 17 of 17 © Boardworks Ltd 2006