Download 1-28 Ch 20 Sec 5 A

Ch 20 Sec 5: The Atomic Age
•
Manhattan Project – Secret government project which
began in 1941 towards the construction of a nuclear
weapon that was completed with a test detonation in Trinity,
New Mexico (7/16/45)
•
J. Robert Oppenheimer – leader of the scientific
laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico where the atomic
bomb was completed.
•
Potsdam Conference – Truman’s first meeting with Stalin
where he refuses Japan’s “conditional surrender” that
included the safety of Emperor Hirohito
•
Hiroshima – (8/6/45) B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) drops
am atomic bomb (Little Boy). An estimated 100,000 die
instantly with over 60% of the city destroyed.
•
Nagasaki – (8/9/45) the same day the Soviets declare war
on Japan, a second bomb (Fat Man) is dropped killing
between 35,000-74,000 people instantly.
•
VJ Day – (8/15/45) the unconditional surrender of Japan.
(The Emperor is allowed to remain alive as a figurehead.)
The Week in Preview (Jan 27th – 30th)
Mon (1/26)
Tue (1/27)
Wed (1/28)
Thu (1/29)
Fri (1/30)
Ch 20 Sec 4 “Island Hopping” (Lec/VR)
Ch 20 Sec 5 “VE Day” (Lec/VR)
Ch 20 Sec 5 “Atomic Bomb/VJ Day” (Lec/VR)
REVIEW – TEST Unit 8 Sec 2-5
TEST Unit 8 World War II
Next Week’s Highlights……
Unit 9 – “The Cold War” (Ch 21 & Ch 25 Sec 1)
Fri (2/6)
Open Note Reading Quiz – Ch 21 Sec 3
“The Cold War and American Society” pp. 668-674
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• The American program to build an atomic bomb was
code-named the Manhattan Project and was headed
by General Leslie R. Groves.
• Given the Green Light on December 6th, 1941.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• Los Alamos, New Mexico – retreat for the scientists
• Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• The $2 billion project included contributions all over
the U.S. including…
•Oak Ridge, TN – factories to create uranium
•Richland, WA – factories to create plutonium
•Seattle, WA – the production of the B-29
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated
near Alamogordo, New Mexico. (Trinity Test Site)
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• While at his meeting at Potsdam, Germany, Harry
Truman received the cable “the baby is born”.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• After being President for only 3 months, Harry Truman
at Potsdam, Germany met with Winston Churchill and
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
•Needed to look strong to the Russian Communist.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• Truman told Stalin of
a “secret new
weapon”
•Stalin knew about
the atomic bomb
already due to a
Soviet spy by the
name of Klaus
Fuchs who was
working at Los
Alamos NM.
•Stalin actually
knew more about
the bomb then
Truman did
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• President Truman
felt it was his duty
to use every
weapon available
to save American
lives.
• The Allies
threatened Japan
with “utter
destruction”.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
Japan offered a peace deal
at Potsdam thru Russia
The Emperor had put
together a delegation to
meet with the Russians
concerning a peace deal
with the Americans
Sticking point – the treatment
of the Emperor after the
war
With the successful testing of
the A-bomb, Truman
would only accept
“complete and
unconditional surrender”
(Potsdam Declaration)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
(pages 642–647)
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• On August 6, 1945, an atomic
bomb was dropped on
Hiroshima without warning, one
of Japan’s important industrial
cities.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• Tens of thousands
of people died
instantly, and
thousands more
died later from
burns and radiation
sickness.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima Death Estimates:
100,000 killed immediately
40-70,000 more by the end of 1945
60,000 more by the end of 1950
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• On August 9, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• That same day, the
United States dropped
an atomic bomb on
Nagasaki, killing
between 35,000 and
74,000 people.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
• On V-J Day, for “Victory in
Japan”–August 15, 1945–
Japan surrendered.
• The war ended.
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
Legacy: Today’s nuclear weapons are thousands of times
more powerful than those used in Japan.
Hiroshima =
15 kilotons
(15,000 tons of TNT)
Tsar Bomb =
50 megatons
(50,000,000 tons
of TNT)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
Legacy: Today’s nuclear weapons are thousands of times
more powerful than those used in Japan.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the information.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
What were FOUR reasons in favor of
dropping the Atomic Bomb?
1) would prevent a land invasion that could cost
thousands of American lives
- some estimates put at half a million lives over
ten years (Gen. MacArthur)
- 6 million Japanese soldiers have already
shown the willingness to fight to the death
2) revenge for Pearl Harbor, as well as the reported
mistreatment of American POWs during the war
(Battan Death March)
3) would send a message to the Soviets and the rest of
the world in post-war relations
4) you spent $2 billion on it, you better use it
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Birth of the Atomic Bomb
What were FOUR reasons against the use
of the Atomic Bomb?
1) Japan had already shown a willingness to surrender
at Potsdam (same conditions received later)
2) The Soviets had already said they would declare war
which would of led the Japanese to surrender
- Truman knew at Potsdam the Soviets would
declare war in August
3) Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not “military” targets
- no warning was given to civilians before the
bomb was dropped
4) would make America’s allies feel inferior and
intimidated, making America’s role in post-war
relations larger than it needed to be
(pages 642–647)
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
In favor of dropping the Atomic Bomb
1) would prevent a land invasion that could cost thousands of American
lives (some estimates put at half a million lives over ten years)
- 6 million Japanese already shown the willingness to fight to the death
2) revenge for Pearl Harbor, as well as the reported mistreatment of
American POWs during the war (Battan Death March)
3) would send a message to the Soviets and the rest of the world in postwar relations
4) you spent $2 billion on it, you better use it
Against dropping the Atomic Bomb
1) Japan had already shown a willingness to surrender at Potsdam (same
conditions received later)
2) The Soviets had already said they would declare war which would of
led the Japanese to surrender (Truman knew this from Potsdam)
3) Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not “military” targets (no warning given)
4) No return to isolationism - would make America’s allies feel inferior and
intimidated, making America’s post war role larger than ever before