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: Germany Why did the Nazis rise to power? How much do you know? • • • • Make a timeline from 1918 to 1945 Put on it everything you know about the topic People, dates, events, numbers (if you can’t remember a date- just put where you think it should go...) Unit IIID: Germany Why did the Nazis rise to power? Because: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Treaty of Versailles angered Germans Weimar Germany = weak Nazis = well organised Wall St Crash – Depression Politicians let them in Why was Weimar Germany weak? Give an example for each so you can Explain these weaknesses: • • • • • Treaty of Versailles Weimar constitution Weimar democracy Putsches Ruhr Crisis & hyperinflation Why was Weimar Germany weak? 1. Q: Treaty of Versailles • • • • Reparations = _______ = Alsace, Polish corridor _______ = blamed for WWI Demilitarisation = • • Rhineland = No union with ______ Why was Weimar Germany weak? 1. • • • • • • A: Treaty of Versailles Reparations = £6.6 billion Land lost = Alsace, Polish corridor War guilt = blamed for WWI Demilitarisation = no tanks, planes, subs; army only 100,000 Rhineland = occupied by French No union with Austria Why was Weimar Germany weak? 2. Q: Weimar constitution weak • Constitution = • Proportional Representation = • • (Article 48)President = Many parties ________ Weimar Germany Why was Weimar Germany weak? 2. A: Weimar constitution weak • Constitution = laws for a country • Proportional Representation = many small parties, couldn’t agree • (Article 48)President = too much power • Many parties opposed Weimar Germany Why was Weimar Germany weak? 3. Q: Democracy was new • • • • Kaiser= Left wing = socialists, against Weimar because wanted … Right wing = Nazis, Freikorps, against Weimar because wanted … Social Democratic Party leader stuck in middle = Why was Weimar Germany weak? 3. A: Democracy was new • • • • Kaiser= people used to control Left wing = socialists, against Weimar because wanted equality for all Right wing = Nazis, Freikorps, against Weimar because wanted return to 1 strong leader Ebert (Social Democratic Party) leader= stuck in middle Why was Weimar Germany weak? 4. Q: Putsches • • • • Putsch = Weimar name = because not safe for government in ____ Kiel mutiny 1918 = Spartacists 1919 – • Kapp – • Ebert used ________ to stop- left wing hated him for this! 1920 Ebert used ______ to stop Kapp’s friekorps. Right wing hated him for this! Munich (Beerhall) 1923 = Why was Weimar Germany weak? 4. Putsches • • • • Putsch = violent takeover of government Weimar name = because not safe for government in Berlin Kiel mutiny 1918 = German Navy refused Kaiser’s orders to go to war Spartacists 1919 – • Kapp – • Ebert used Freikorps to stop- left wing hated him for this! 1920 Ebert used left wing to stop Kapp’s friekorps. Right wing hated him for this! Munich (Beerhall) 1923 = Nazis tried to overthrow Bavarian State Why was Weimar Germany weak? 5. • • • • • • • Q: Ruhr crisis and Hyperinflation 1922 Germans couldn’t pay… So French German workers – went… Government- printed Caused hyperinflation = Eg 1 loaf = 1 mark, then _______ marks by 1923 Why was Weimar Germany weak? 5. A: Ruhr crisis and Hyperinflation • 1922 Germans couldn’t pay reparations • French - invaded to take them • German workers – on strike • Government- printed money to pay them • Caused hyperinflation = money loses all value • Eg 1 loaf = 1 mark, then 22 million marks Why was Weimar Germany weak? Try again: Give an example for each so you can Explain these weaknesses: • • • • • Treaty of Versailles Weimar constitution Weimar democracy Putsches Ruhr Crisis & hyperinflation Why did the Nazis take power? Give an example so you can Explain each reason: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Weimar Germany weak Good leadership Nazis popular ideas Nazis well organised Wall St Crash & Depression Politicians gave Nazis power Hitler’s trickery Why did the Nazis take power? 1. Q: Was Weimar Germany weak 1923-29? YES Democracy, putsches, Versailles, constitution, hyperinflation etc 1923-29 ______ struggled Weimar culture- many right wingers hated … Recovery based on ____ from ____ NO _________ = leader 1923-29 Stopped hyperinflation with … Stopped French with ______ treaty = guaranteed … 1926 joined ____________ Reduced reparations – ____ plan, ____ plan ______ recovered Why did the Nazis take power? 1. A: Was Weimar Germany weak 1924-29? YES Democracy, putsches, Versailles, constitution, hyperinflation etc 1923-29 farmers struggled Weimar culture- many right wingers hated ‘cabaret’, art etc. Recovery based on loans from USA NO Stresemann = Chancellor – 1923 Foreign Minister from 1924-29 Stopped hyperinflation with Rentenmark Stopped French with Locarno treaty = guaranteed Western borders 1926 joined League of Nations Reduced reparations – Dawes plan, Young plan Economy recovered Why did the Nazis take power? 2. Q: Were the Nazi leaders good? YES Hitler – 1924 when he was ______ - party collapsed After 1923 aim = win power through _____ Goebbels - excellent… Goering - famous … ____ - violent & dangerous SA leader NO Munich putsch failed 1923 Why did the Nazis take power? 2. Were the Nazi leaders good? YES Hitler – great speaker- dominated party 1924 when he was in prison - party collapsed After 1923 aim = win power through votes Goebbels - excellent propaganda Goering - famous war ace Rohm - violent & dangerous SA leader NO Munich putsch failed 1923 Why did the Nazis take power? 3. Q: Were the Nazis well organised? YES SA = Sturm Abteilung = SA easily recognised = _________ = Volkischer Beobachter Nuremburg rallies = __________= Gauleiters Why did the Nazis take power? 3. A: Were the Nazis well organised? YES SA = Sturm Abteilung = beat up opponents SA easily recognised = brown shirts, uniforms Newspaper = Volkischer Beobachter Nuremburg rallies = mass demonstrations of support Many regional supporters = Gauleiters Why did the Nazis take power? 4. Q: Were the Nazis ideas popular? YES Against Treaty of … Against _____ Germany Anti-semitic = blamed… Anti-Communist = feared them … Mein Kampf = … Nationalist = loved strong … NO Only 4 MPs in Reichstag (Parliament) 1925 Why did the Nazis take power? 4. A: Were the Nazis ideas popular? YES Against Treaty of Versailles Against Weimar Germany Anti-semitic = blamed Jews for everything Anti-Communist = feared them taking wealth Mein Kampf = Hitler’s book ‘My Struggle’ Nationalist = loved strong Germany NO Only 4 MPs in Reichstag (Parliament) 1925 Why did the Nazis take power? 5. Q: Did Wall St Crash & Depression help them? YES __________ = US banks and economy collapsed US wanted ____ back from Germany So German economy collapsed (also rest of world)= … Nazi votes increased dramatically – Nazis = _____ party in Reichstag NO Nazis to power 1933 = 4 years later Why did the Nazis take power? 5. A: Did Wall St Crash & Depression help them? YES 1929 Wall St Crash = US banks and economy collapsed US wanted loans back from Germany So German economy collapsed (also rest of world)= Depression Nazi votes increased dramatically – 1933 43% Nazis = largest party in Reichstag NO Nazis to power 1933 = 4 years later Why did the Nazis take power? 6. Q: Did politicians give them power? YES Nazis never won _______ of vote –43 % 1933 Hitler beaten by ________ – President 1930 2 elections ____, Nazi vote went down a little 1930 –33 Weimar leaders failed to govern : Bruning had to use Hindenburg to _______ Von ____ & Von Schliecher also _______ & _______ planned ‘to control’ Hitler ____ offered him job ______ (+ 1 other ministry) Why did the Nazis take power? 6. A: Did politicians give them power? YES • Won 37% in 1932 elections = largest party 1933 won 43% - (not majority of vote) Hitler beaten by Hindenburg – President 1930 2 elections 1932, Nazi vote went down a little 1930 –33 Weimar leaders failed to govern : Bruning had to use Hindenburg to make laws Von Papen & Von Schliecher Hindenburg & Von Papen planned ‘to control’ Hitler Jan 1933 offered him job Chancellor (+ 1 other ministry) Why did the Nazis take power? 7. Q: Did Hitler outwit the politicians? YES Called Election for ____ 19__ ________ = excuse to destroy Communists Rigged election = used … ___% vote Persuaded ______ parties to support them ______ Act passed Made Hitler ______= total power to make laws Why did the Nazis take power? 7. A: Did Hitler outwit the politicians? YES Called General Election for March 1933 Reichstag fire = excuse to destroy Communists Rigged election = used SA violence 47% vote Persuaded right wing parties to support them Enabling Act passed Made Hitler dictator = total power to make laws Why did the Nazis take power? Give an example so you can Explain each reason: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Weimar Germany weak Good leadership Nazis popular ideas Nazis well organised Wall St Crash & Depression Politicians gave Nazis power Hitler’s trickery 1933 How well did the Nazis control Germany? Give an example so you can Explain each reason: • • • • • • • • Dictatorship Removed opposition Totalitarian state Gave Germans good life Controlled youth Blamed Jews Propaganda But was Resistance How well did the Nazis control Germany? 1. Q: Dictatorship Used Reichstag fire 27th Feb 1933 to persuade other parties that Communists were a threat Got majority in Reichstag elections by banning communists 28th Feb 1933 Then ‘forcing’ other parties to join them Passed Enabling Act March 1933 Dictatorial Powers= Hitler could make all laws on his own How well did the Nazis control Germany? A: Dictatorship • • • 1. Used __________ to persuade other parties that Communists • were a threat • 2. Got majority in Reichstag elections by … 3. Then ‘forcing’ other parties to … 4. Passed ______Act 5. = Hitler could make all ____ on his own Join with Nazis Enabling Banning communists laws Reichstag fire How well did the Nazis control Germany? 2. Q: Removed opposition banned __________ Merged ____ with Nazis ______ Trade Unions Gleischaultung = _________ = judges, teachers, police etc had to be Nazis SA – ___________ = killed Rohm and Nazi opposition in ____ Army... How well did the Nazis control Germany? 2. A: Removed opposition banned Communists Merged parties with Nazis Banned Trade Unions Gleischaultung = co-ordination = judges, teachers, police, State Governments etc had to be Nazis SA – Night of the Long Knives = killed Rohm and Nazi opposition in 1934 Army oath – promised to support him only How well did the Nazis control Germany? 3. Q: Totalitarian state totalitarian = … _______ = secret police Informers = ____ = filled with Nazi judges __ set up ________ ____ = prisons for anyone against Nazis How well did the Nazis control Germany? 3. A: Totalitarian state totalitarian = police state, total control over your life Gestapo = secret police Informers = spied on everyone Courts = filled with Nazi judges SS set up concentration camps e.g. Dachau = prisons for anyone against Nazis How well did the Nazis control Germany? 4. A: Controlled by giving good life Gave jobs – ______ in huge works programme eg … Scrapped ________ – no reparations, left League, re-built army 1936 re-entered _______ 1938 Joined with ______ ____took over Czechoslovakia ______ – ‘Strength through Joy’ Volkswagen – ________ How well did the Nazis control Germany? 4. A: Controlled by giving good life Gave jobs – 3 million in huge works programme eg autobahns & army Scrapped Treaty of Versailles – no reparations, left League, re-built army 1936 re-entered Rhineland 1938 Joined with Austria 1938 took over Czechoslovakia Holidays – ‘Strength through Joy’ Volkswagen – ‘People’s Car’ How well did the Nazis control Germany? 5. Q: Controlled youth __________ = brainwashing Schools – taught … Eg Biology – Jews shown as … Eg History – … Youth organisations = … Taught boys = Taught girls = How well did the Nazis control Germany? 5. A: Controlled youth propaganda = brainwashing Schools – taught Nazi ideas Eg Biology – Jews shown as subhuman Eg History – German History rewritten Youth organisations = Hitler Youth, League of German Maidens = 1939 compulsory Taught boys = soldiers Taught girls = mothers How well did the Nazis control Germany? 6. Q: Blamed Jews for problems ________ = anti-Jew racism _____ = perfect blonde German ____ seen as - sub-human 1933 boycott = 1935 Nuremburg laws = 1938 _________ = Jewish property destroyed 19__ ‘Final solution’ = mass murder of Jews How well did the Nazis control Germany? 6. A: Blamed Jews for problems Anti-semitism = anti-Jew racism Aryan = perfect blonde German Jews seen as - sub-human 1933 boycott = avoid Jewish shops 1935 Nuremburg laws = banned inter-marriage, citizenship Nov 1938 Kristallnacht = Jewish property destroyed 1942 ‘Final solution’ = mass murder of Jews How well did the Nazis control Germany? 7. Q: Propaganda Propaganda = Minister in charge = Used – Radio – given out cheap, but… _______ = cut out anything against Nazis 1936 ______ – demonstrated how great Germany was to world How well did the Nazis control Germany? 7. A: Propaganda Propaganda = brainwashing Minister in charge = Goebbels Used - posters, films Radio – given out cheap, but only tunable to Nazi radio Censorship = cut out anything against Nazis 1936 Olympics – demonstrated how great Germany was to world How well did the Nazis control Germany? 8. Q: But some resistance from: ________ – Red Orchestra group printed leaflets _______ Churches- Pastor Neimoller spoke out – sent to prison ________ – Cardinal Galen spoke against killing handicapped Youth- ______ university students printed leaflets Passive resistance= Army- July 1944 = How well did the Nazis control Germany? 8. A: But some resistance from: Communists – Red Orchestra group printed leaflets Protestant Churches- Pastor Neimoller spoke out – sent to prison Catholic bishops – Cardinal Galen spoke against killing handicapped Youth- White Rose university students printed leaflets Passive resistance- anti-Nazi jokes popular Army- July 1944 bomb plot nearly killed Hitler How well did the Nazis control Germany? Give an example so you can Explain each reason: • • • • • • • • Dictatorship Removed opposition Totalitarian state Gave Germans good life Controlled youth Blamed Jews Propaganda But some Resistance
