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• Collective Intelligence https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence 1 'Collective IQ' is a measure of collective intelligence, although it is often used interchangeably with the term collective intelligence. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence Collective intelligence has also been attributed to bacteria and animals. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence 1 The Millennium Project, Washington, DC 2008 This notion of collective intelligence is referred to as 'Symbiotic intelligence' by Norman Lee Johnson.Norman Lee Johnson, [http://CollectiveScience.com Collective Science site] The concept is used in sociology, Prediction market|business, computer science and mass communications: it also appears in science fiction. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence 1 Pierre Lévy, Collective intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace, 1994, p https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence 1 Collective intelligence strongly contributes to the shift of knowledge and power from the individual to the collective. According to Eric S. Raymond (1998) and JC Herz (2005), open source intelligence will eventually generate superior outcomes to knowledge generated by proprietary software developed within corporations (Terry Flew|Flew 2008). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence Jenkins|Henry Jenkins criticizes schools which promote ‘autonomous problem solvers and self-contained learners‘ while remaining hostile to learning through the means of collective intelligence.Jenkins, Henry Convergence Culture: Where old and new media collide 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence Ultimately, both Pierre Lévy (2007) and Henry Jenkins (2008) support the claim that collective intelligence is important for the process of democratization, as it is interlinked with knowledge-based culture, which is sustained by collective idea sharing, and thus contributes to a better understanding of diverse society among different actors. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence 1 Writers who have influenced the idea of collective intelligence include Douglas Hofstadter (1979), Peter Russell (1983), Tom Atlee (1993), Pierre Lévy (philosopher)|Pierre Lévy (1994), Howard Bloom (1995), Francis Heylighen (1995), Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Ron Dembo, Gottfried Mayer-Kress (2003). https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - History The title is 'collective intelligence that made us who are smarter than me' Wheeler saw this collaborative process at work in ants that acted like the cells of a single beast he called a superorganism. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - History 1 Douglas Engelbart|Doug Engelbart began using the term 'Collective IQ' in the mid 1990s as a measure of collective intelligence, to focus attention on the opportunity for business and society to pro-actively raise their Collective IQ[http://www.archive.org/stream/b oostingcollecti00drdo#page/n9/mode /2up Engelbart's 1994 definition of 'Collective IQ']– found on Slide 4 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Dimensions In 1986 Bloom combined the concepts of apoptosis, parallel distributed processing, group selection, and the superorganism to produce a theory of how collective intelligence works.Howard Bloom, The Lucifer Principle: A Scientific Expedition Into the Forces of History, 1995 Later he showed how the collective intelligences of competing bacterial colonies and human societies can be explained in terms of computer-generated complex adaptive systems and the genetic algorithms, concepts pioneered by John Henry Holland|John Holland. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Dimensions 1 Bloom traced the evolution of collective intelligence to our bacterial ancestors 1 billion years ago and demonstrated how a multi-species intelligence has worked since the beginning of life.Howard Bloom, Global Brain: The Evolution of Mass Mind from the Big Bang to the 21st Century, 2000 Ant societies exhibit more intelligence, in terms of technology, than any other animal except for humans and co-operate in keeping livestock, for example aphids for milking https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Dimensions George Pór defined the collective intelligence phenomenon as the capacity of human communities to evolve towards higher order complexity and harmony, through such innovation mechanisms as differentiation and integration, competition and collaboration.George Pór, [http://www.communityintelligence.com/blogs/public Blog of Collective Intelligence] Atlee and Pór state that collective intelligence also involves achieving a single focus of attention and standard of metrics which provide an appropriate threshold of action 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Dimensions 1 Groupthink often hampers collective intelligence by limiting input to a select few individuals or filtering potential Golden Suggestions without fully developing them to implementation. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Dimensions 1 According to Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams (author)|Anthony D. Williams, collective intelligence is mass collaboration. In order for this concept to happen, four principles need to exist; https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Examples 1 The Global Futures Collective Intelligence System (GFIS) at www.themp.org was created by The Millennium Project in 2012. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Examples A further example of collective intelligence is found in idea competitions.Jan Marco Leimeister, Michael Huber, Ulrich Bretschneider, Helmut Krcmar (2009): Leveraging Crowdsourcing: Activation-Supporting Components for IT-Based Ideas Competition 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Examples 1 Specialized information site such as Digital Photography Review or Camera Labs is an example of collective intelligence. Anyone who has an access to the internet can contribute to distributing their knowledge over the world through the specialized information sites. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Examples Often questions refer to first hand experiences and the answers are often carefully curated eposées and detailed logs of it. It gives the user the ability to gain a detailed insights and information is thus democratized. The collection of experiences is a perfect example of collective intelligence. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Mathematical techniques 1 One measure sometimes applied, especially by more artificial intelligence focused theorists, is a collective intelligence quotient (or cooperation quotient)—which presumably can be measured like the individual intelligence quotient (IQ)—thus making it possible to determine the marginal extra intelligence added by each new individual participating in the collective, thus using Metric (mathematics)|metrics to avoid the hazards of group think and stupidity. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Mathematical techniques In 2001, Tadeusz (Ted) Szuba from the Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza|AGH University in Poland proposed a formal model for the phenomenon of collective intelligence. It is assumed to be an unconscious, random, parallel, and distributed computational process, run in mathematical logic by the social structure.Szuba T., Computational Collective Intelligence, 420 pages, Wiley NY, 2001 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Mathematical techniques 1 Prospective applications are optimization of companies through the maximization of their IQS, and the analysis of drug resistance against collective intelligence of bacterial colonies. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Digital media 1 Thus, through interaction with new media, knowledge easily passes between sources resulting in a form of collective intelligence https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Digital media 1 Collective intelligence is not merely a quantitative contribution of information from all cultures, it is also qualitative. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Digital media 1 Researchers[http://cci.mit.edu/peopl e/index.html MIT Center for Collective Intelligence]. Cci.mit.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-13. at the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence research and explore collective intelligence of groups of people and computers. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Digital media 1 Collective intelligence as represented by Web 2.0 has less user engagement than collaborative intelligence https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Digital media 1 Such resources could combine into a form of collective intelligence accountable only to the current participants yet with some strong moral or linguistic guidance from generations of contributors– or even take on a more obviously democratic form to advance shared goals. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Social bookmarking In social bookmarking (also called collaborative tagging), users assign tags to resources shared with other users, which gives rise to a type of information organisation that emerges from this crowdsourcing process. The resulting information structure can be seen as reflecting the collective knowledge (or collective intelligence) of a community of users and is commonly called a Folksonomy, and the process can be captured by models of collaborative tagging. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Social bookmarking 1 Such vocabularies can be seen as a form of collective intelligence, emerging from the decentralised actions of a community of users https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Video games he refers to Pierre Lévy (philosopher)|Pierre Levy’s concept of Collective Intelligence and argues this is active in videogames as clans or guilds in MMORPG constantly work to achieve goals 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Video games Gosney argues that the Alternate Reality genre of gaming dictates an unprecedented level of collaboration and collective intelligence in order to solve the mystery of the game. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Stock market predictions The opinion of all investor can be weighed equally so that a pivotal premise of the effective application of collective intelligence can be applied: the masses, including a broad spectrum of stock market expertise, can be utilized to more accurately predict the behavior of financial markets. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Stock market predictions 1 On the basis of such evidence index funds became popular investment vehicles using the collective intelligence of the market, rather than the judgement of professional fund managers, as an investment strategy. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Views Tom Atlee reflects that, although humans have an innate ability to gather and analyze data, they are affected by culture, education and social institutions. A single person tends to make decisions motivated by self-preservation. In addition, humans lack a way to make choices that balance innovation and reality. Therefore, without collective 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Views Atlee, T. (2008). [http://www.communicationagents.co m/tom_atlee/2008/05/15/reflections_ on_the_evolution_of_choice_and_colle ctive_intelligence.htm Reflections on the evolution of choice and collective intelligence], Retrieved 26 August 2008 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Views 1 This reflects how powerful collective intelligence can be if left to develop. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Views 1 Research performed by Tapscott and Williams has provided a few examples of the benefits of collective intelligence to business: https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Collective intelligence - Views 1 Harsh critics of Artificial Intelligence on ethical grounds are likely to promote collective wisdom-building methods, such as the new tribalists and the Gaianism|Gaians. Whether these can be said to be collective intelligence systems is an open question. Some, e.g. Bill Joy, simply wish to avoid any form of autonomous Artificial Intelligence and seem willing to work on rigorous collective intelligence in order to remove any possible niche for AI. https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Fernanda Viegas - Collective intelligence and public visualization A second stream of work, in partnership with Martin M. Wattenberg|Martin Wattenberg, centers on collective intelligence and the public use of data visualization. 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Self-organization - In collective intelligence Non-thermodynamic concepts of entropy and self-organization have been explored by many theorists. Cliff Joslyn and colleagues and their so-called global brain projects. Marvin Minsky's Society of Mind and the no-central editor in charge policy of the open sourced internet encyclopedia, called Wikipedia, are examples of applications of these 1 https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html Martin M. Wattenberg - Collaborative Analysis Collective Intelligence 1 Wattenberg, in partnership with Fernanda Viégas at IBM, has published widely on collective intelligence https://store.theartofservice.com/the-collective-intelligence-toolkit.html For More Information, Visit: • https://store.theartofservice.co m/the-collective-intelligencetoolkit.html The Art of Service https://store.theartofservice.com