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Chapter 3 Software Solutions for Personal and Professional gain Software from Conception to Installation and Beyond System Software Application Software Smart Software: AI Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Succeeding with Technology Trends There is a shift from a hardware view of computing to software & services "Ten years out, in terms of actual hardware costs you can almost think of hardware as being free -- I'm not saying it will be absolutely free -- but in terms of the power of the servers, the power of the network will not be a limiting factor," Gates said, referring to networked computers and advances in the speed of the Internet. Succeeding with Technology 3.1 Software from Conception to Installation and Beyond Key Terms • • • • System software Application software Programming language Web service Succeeding with Technology • • • • Copyright Software license Single-user license Open-source software • Creative Commons license • Shareware • Software bugs & patches Recall…2 Types of Software System Software controls the hardware and runs the computer system. Succeeding with Technology Application Software provides services for people. How Software Works Software consists of a number of files at least one of which is “executable”. Executable File: stores computer instructions in binary machine language. http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/ Succeeding with Technology Programming Languages A programming language is the primary tool of computer programmers, providing English-like commands for writing software that is translated into the detailed step-by-step instructions executed by the processor. A Programming Statement in C++ cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:"; Syntax: a set of rules that describe how programming statements and commands should be written. Succeeding with Technology Programming Process Source Code void main() { Password.cpp char password[200] = "opensaysme"; char input[200]; while(strcmp(password, input)) { clrscr(); cout << "\nPlease Enter The Password:"; cin >> input; Compiler } } cout << "\nWelcome, Oh Great One!\n"; exit(1); Object (Executable) Code 10011011000111010110111 Succeeding with Technology Password.exe The Program Commercial software You only get the "Executable Code". It impossible to translate executable code back to the original "Source Code". EXECUTABLE FILE VIEWED WITH MICROSOFT WORD Æ ‹ÇL éŽ èJi j é €=W½L t"è5i j Sÿ ìÄJ j jmh ÿ5ؾL éQ jRj èº YYéG -Z „Ä ƒè t HH …/ è é% j j h/ é SèÔ Yè&m „Àj t~‹5ÅJ h[ SÿÖ‹=dÅJ Pÿ×j h\ SÿÖPÿ×j h_ SÿÖPÿ×j hY SÿÖPÿ×h+ SÿÖ‹ðh @ jüV‰ ŽL ÿ tÅJ hÕ hÔ Vj £ ŽL èÒf Sèùc ƒÄ ë h+ Sÿ ÅJ Pÿ dÅJ Sè » Yj Xég ÿu è Y ¶ÀéV fƒÿ tfƒÿ …D h + Sÿ ÅJ é €= ŽL tj{Sÿ ¼ÄJ ¡0ŽL …À „ Pÿ €ÀJ é ƒÿ{ …ÿ Sè Yéõ î „¼ ƒî „ƒ î tpNNtZNNt$îš … j j h+ Sÿ ÅJ Pèh ë?j j Sèz– ƒÄ …À „• €=ÇL „ˆ èDg j Sÿ ìÄJ ëxhtÞK SjèrŸ ƒÄ ëfWèT é þÿÿh+ Sÿ ÅJ ‹ðVÿ xÅJ …ÀtBhÕ hÔ Vj èpe ƒÄ ë h+ Sÿ ÅJ ;øt Pÿ xÅJ …Àt j j hÉ Sÿ ðÄJ 3À_^[] U‹ìQ¡ ŽL ‹ ŽL SVW3ÿ!}ü;Á‹Øw ‹Ùÿ ðÁJ + ŽL ‹,ŽL …Ûw …Év,jd3Ò^÷ö‹ø…ÿu G‹Ã3ÒkÀd÷÷‹ð…öuj ^‹Á3ÒkÀd÷ö‰Eü;ûrM9Mür €% ŽL j{ÿu ÿ ¼ÄJ ‹Ã‹5¸ÄJ j Succeeding with Technology Software Copyrights and Licenses Copyright: defines exclusive rights legally granted to the owner. Software License: Defines permissions, right, and restrictions provided to the person who purchases a copy of the software. Single User/Multi-user Succeeding with Technology Succeeding with Technology Freeware, Open-Source, and Alternative Licensing Public Domain Open Source Uncompiled code available for programmers to modify at will (Linux) Creative Commons License Allows the creator of the intellectual property to specify the terms of the license. http://creativecommons.org/ Succeeding with Technology Off-the-shelf Software Off-the-shelf software is massproduced software designed for use by the general public. Shareware Marketed under a "try before you buy" philosophy 12 Succeeding with Technology Custom-designed software Custom Designed software, either in-house developed, or contracted, is software designed to solve a unique and specific problem. Companies will sometimes market their custom software to others in the industry https://renderman.pixar.com/ 13 Succeeding with Technology 1 Installing Software Installed from distribution disks or downloaded Observe system requirements Run the setup program (setup.exe or .dmg and .app on Apple) 2 3 4 Succeeding with Technology Installing Downloaded Software www.download.com File Compression Self-Installing Self-extracting (.exe) Manual-extracting (.zip) Succeeding with Technology Alien Flux 1.3 Downloads: 54 Publisher: Puppy Games Date added: July 7, 2003 File size: 5.79MB; Clock this download License: Free to try; $19.95 to buy Minimum requirements: Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP Uninstaller included?: Yes Limitations: 5 levels Screenshot: View screenshot 3.2 System Software Helping the machine operate effectively and efficiently Key Terms • Operating system • Command-based user interface • Graphical User Interface Succeeding with Technology • • • • Boot process Multitasking Device driver Utility programs • Microsoft Windows • Mac OS • Linux The Operating System The software that controls the computer’s use of its hardware. Acts as an interface between application software and hardware. Applications Operating System 17 Succeeding with Technology Operating System Functions • Manages Processor Resources • Manages Memory (RAM) • Manages Storage and I/O • Manages Peripheral Devices •Uses device drivers • Provides a Common User Interface Multitasking is the processors ability to run more than one program at once. •Graphical User Interface • Provides Applications with Hardware Independence How is this related to Microsoft’s monopoly and many, many lawsuits? 18 Succeeding with Technology Operating System Types • Single Computer, Single User • Single Computer, Multiple Users • Multiple Computers (Network) • Special Purpose Computers 19 Succeeding with Technology User Interfaces Command-based Interface Ssh demo? Succeeding with Technology Graphical User Interface (GUI) Succeeding with Technology www.microsoft.com/windowsvista Succeeding with Technology Apple OS X Succeeding with Technology Linux Succeeding with Technology Windows Pocket PC & Smartphone Succeeding with Technology Utility Programs (the other system software) Programs designed to assist the machine in running smoothly, securely, and efficiently. Virus Detection Spam and Pop-up blockers Adware & Spyware protection Defragmentation Windows Cleaners Programs that assist us in maintaining and manipulating system resources. File Compression (WinZip) File and Disk Management & Backup CD/DVD Burners 27 Succeeding with Technology 3.3 Application Software Helping peaople operate effectively and efficiently Key Terms • • • • Word Processing Spreadsheet Software Optimization Presentation Software Succeeding with Technology • Database management • Personal Information management • Software Suites Traditional Productivity Software Word Processing: Document production Spreadsheet: Numeric analysis software often used for carrying out “what if” scenarios. Database: For managing and querying data records Presentation: For developing supportive visual aides to accompany a presentation. 29 Succeeding with Technology 35 Software Suite A software suite is a collection of application software packages sold together. Succeeding with Technology Personal Information Management (PIM) Software Calendar/Appointments To-do List Address Book/Contacts Information in PIMs can be shared between users over a network. Succeeding with Technology Personal Information Management (PIM) Software Calendar/Appointments To-do List Address Book/Contacts Information in PIMs can be shared between users over a network. Succeeding with Technology Additional Application Software for Individuals Audio/Video Graphics/Image Processing PIM, Project Management, Inventory Systems, Voice Recognition Home Action, Arcade, Casino, Strategy, Simulation, Sports, Board, Multiplayer Business Browsers, Email, Chat, Web Phones, WebCam, Utilities, NetMeeting Games Image Editing, Flash Animation, 3d m Internet/Communication Media Players, Rippers, Encoders, Music and Video Recorders/Editors PIM (Outlook), Food.Bev, Geneology, Hobbies, Health/Nutrition, Home Inventory Education …and many others listed at www.download.com Succeeding with Technology 3.4 Smart Software: AI Key Terms • • • • • • Artificial Intelligence • Turing Test • Conventional AI Computational Intelligence • Succeeding with Technology Expert System Neural Network Fuzzy Logic Genetic Algorithm Robotics • • • • • Computer vision Natural language processing Speech recognition Intelligent Agent Virtual reality Artificial Intelligence AI refers to the science and engineering of creating computer systems that simulate human thought and behavior. Succeeding with Technology Turing Test “A human judge engages in a natural language conversation with two other parties, one human, the other a machine; if the judge cannot reliably tell which is which, then the machine is said to pass the test.” Succeeding with Technology Conventional AI Expert Systems Case-based Reasoning Bayesian Networks Behavior-based AI Succeeding with Technology Automotive Diagnostics Computational Intelligence Neural Networks Fuzzy Systems Evolutionary Computation Succeeding with Technology AI Applications Robotics Computer Vision Natural Language Processing Speech Recognition Handwriting Recognition Face Recognition Intelligent Agents Artificial Creativity Succeeding with Technology Succeeding with Technology Virtual Reality Computer-simulated environment that can be manipulated by the user. Succeeding with Technology Chapter 3 Questions? Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Succeeding with Technology