Download Operating an Intelligent Building

Intelligent and Integrated Buildings Conference
Toronto, Ontario, Dec. 2-3, 2002
Operating an Intelligent
Building
CANMET Energy Technology
Centre - Varennes
Meli Stylianou
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Outline

Building operation and Kyoto

Intelligence ?

How can intelligence help in operating buildings?

Do we have everything we need to intelligently operate
buildings?

Is building operation such a big deal?

Intelligent building operation

Conclusions
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Building operation and Kyoto
 Commercial
sector

430,000 commercial and institutional buildings and
thousands more being built each year.

13% of secondary energy (1,015 PJ)

12.5% of GHG emissions (54 Mt eq. CO2)
 Ineffective

Operation
15%-30% energy waste
 How
can intelligent buildings improve operation?
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Intelligence ?
“The ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying
situations: REASON;” Webster’s dictionary
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How can intelligence help in building
operation?


Continuously optimize operations

Modulate set points to respond to changing requirements

Continuous commissioning
Detect and diagnose faults


Air handling units, chillers, boilers…
Schedule maintenance

Scheduled need it or not

Analyze cost/benefit then schedule
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Do we have everything we need to
intelligently operate buildings?

Today’s systems:




Have limited or no learning/reasoning capabilities
Depend on operators – who more often than not lack the expertise and/or
time to ensure optimal operation
Are reactive – symptoms force action: complaints of indoor environment/
high energy costs/high maintenance costs
Technology is available



Buildings are already monitored as never before
Computational capabilities of today’s systems can do much more than they
are asked to
Artificial intelligence techniques are no longer at the experimental stage and
in fact are used in many industries
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Is building operation such a big deal…?

Two identical buildings


EESB
ETB –Low-E windows; T-8 lighting system; energy efficient HVAC
system; LED exit lights

Complaints skyrocketed

ETB – 32% more energy consumed

Correction of problems: manual setting; simultaneous heating
and cooling

Result:comfort related complaints dropped; energy consumption
reduced
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But how can this be true…?
13°C
14°C
18°C
24°C
11°C
13°C
15°C
15°C
Space maintained
at 23°C
(Modified from:Diagnostics and Commissioning, Karl Stum, PECI)
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Can intelligence be used in today’s control
systems?

Diagnostic Agent for Building Operators (DABO)
Existing Control System
BEMS
DDE/ODBC/OCX
DDE/ODBC/OCX
Database
Fault Detection &
Diagnostic Agent
Commissioning
Agent
Condition-Based
Maintenance
Agent
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Diagnostic Agent for
Building Operators
Building
Energy
Agent
Artificial Intelligence Tools
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Fault detection and diagnosis applications
CETC-Varennes, Qc
Delta Controls, Surrey, BC
CFF, Laval, Qc
Dorval Airport, Montreal, Qc
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VAV Box Report Screen
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…but does it work? Percentage of faults detect by month
50%
45%
40%
35%
%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
May 2001
June 2001
February 2002
March 2002
April 2002
May 2002
June 2002
July 2002
August 2002
September
2002
Month
Works properly
Fault 1 (Air flow set point is unstable)
Fault 2 (Air flow set point is not attemp)
Fault 3 (Air flow controler is unstable)
Fault 4 (Temperature set point is not attemp)
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Intelligent building operation

Sensing


Interoperability


Facilitate the development of tools linking the operation and maintenance
requirements of building systems
Computational capabilities


Wireless sensing can reduce the life cycle cost of monitoring building
systems
Enable the optimisation and timely detection of faulty operation and limit
impact on energy costs and occupant well being
Artificial intelligence techniques

Leverage the hardware capabilities of building control systems and provide
the information necessary to optimise the operation of the building
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Conclusions

Barrier: Building owner and operator awareness

The market pull is not there …yet

Data is available

Hardware is available

Intelligence is vital in operating buildings

Reduce operating costs

Improve indoor environmental conditions – proactively not reactively

Improve occupant satisfaction and productivity

Elimination of occupant complaints… not a dream…
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