Download What is Marketing?

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts
Transcript
Chapter Eleven
Marketing Channels and
Supply Chain Management
with Duane Weaver
11-1
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Marketing or Distribution Channel
A set of interdependent organizations
involved in the process of making a
product or service available for use or
consumption by the consumer or
business user.
11-2
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Why Use Channel Members
• The use of intermediaries results from
their greater efficiency in making goods
available to target markets.
• Offers the firm more than it can achieve
on its own through the intermediaries:
– Contacts.
– Experience.
– Specialization.
– Scale of operation.
11-3
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Channel Functions
•
•
•
•
•
Information.
Promotion.
Contact.
Matching.
Negotiation.
11-4
• Physical
distribution.
• Financing.
• Risk taking.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Wholesalers/Retailers
• Wholesalers.
– Merchant wholesalers.
– Agents and brokers.
– Manufacturer’s sales branches & offices.
• Retailers.
– Amount of service .
– Product line.
– Relative prices.
– Retail organization.
11-5
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Wholesaler Marketing Decisions
• Wholesaler strategy.
– Target market.
– Service positioning.
• Wholesaler marketing mix.
– Product and service assortment.
– Prices.
– Promotion.
– Place (location).
11-6
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
What is Retailing?
Retailing includes all the activities
involved in selling products or services
directly to final consumers for their
personal, non-business use.
11-7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Retailing Functions
• Information function – to customers and
manufacturers.
•
•
•
•
•
Product function – help define products.
Price function – promotions, negotiation.
Place function – convenience to consumers.
Promotion function – run their own promos.
Ownership function – take title and absorb
the risk.
11-8
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Classifying Retail by Amount of Service
• Self-service retailers:
– Serve customers who are willing to perform their
own “locate-compare-select” process to save
money.
• Limited-service retailers:
– Provide more sales assistance because they carry
more shopping goods about which customers need
information.
• Full-service retailers:
– Usually carry more specialty goods for which
customers like to be “waited on.”
11-9
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Product Line Retailers
• Specialty stores.
– Narrow product line, deep assortment.
• Department stores.
– Wide variety of product lines.
• Supermarkets.
– Wide variety of food, laundry, household
products.
• Convenience stores.
– Limited line of high-turnover goods.
11-10
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Product Line Retailers (cont’d)
• Superstores.
– Large assortment of food and non-food
items.
• Category killer.
– Big box specialty store.
• Service retailers.
– Provide services rather than tangible
goods.
11-11
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Relative Price Retailers
• Discount stores.
– Sells standard merchandise at lower prices by
accepting lower margins and selling at higher
volume.
• Off-price retailers.
–
–
–
–
11-12
Buys at below wholesale, sells at less than retail.
Independents.
Factory outlets.
Warehouse clubs.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Channel Behaviour
• The channel is most effective when:
– Each member is assigned tasks it can do best.
– All members cooperate to attain channel goals.
• If this does not happen, conflict occurs:
– Horizontal conflict occurs among firms at the same
level of the channel (e.g. retailer to retailer).
– Vertical conflict occurs between different levels of
the same channel (e.g. wholesaler to retailer).
• Some conflict can be healthy
competition.
11-13
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Channel Conflict
• Disagreement between members over
goals and roles.
• Horizontal conflict.
– Conflict between firms on the same level.
• Vertical conflict.
– Conflict between firms on different levels.
• Disintermediation.
– Displacement of a traditional member from
the marketing channel.
– Selling direct via the Internet.
11-14
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Types of Channels
• Conventional channel.
– Channel members independently owned.
• Vertical channel.
– Channel members act as a unified system.
• Horizontal channel.
– Two or more companies on the same level
join together for mutual gain.
• Hybrid channel.
– Combination to serve different segments.
11-15
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
International Distribution
• Exporting.
– Direct.
– Indirect.
• Joint ventures.
– Licensing.
– Contract manufacturing.
– Management contracting.
– Joint ownership.
• Direct investment.
11-16
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Channel Design/Management
• Selection.
– Fit with channel objectives.
• Motivation.
– Maintain strong partnerships.
– Reward good performance.
– Assist or replace weaker ones.
• Evaluation.
– Compare performance against standards
and objectives.
11-17
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Major Logistics Functions
•
•
•
•
•
Order processing.
Warehousing.
Inventory management.
Transportation.
Integrated supply chain management.
– Cross-functional teamwork in company.
– Building channel partnerships.
11-18
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada
Thanks!
11-19
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Canada