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Homework #2
due F 2/23
Bonus #1 due
W 2/28
How do species change over time?
How did the planet get full of people?
Non-Coding DNA is
used for comparisons
between individuals
The mutation rate in
human mtDNA is one
nucleotide change per
20,000 years.
OR
A difference of one
nucleotide between two
people indicates a
common relative 10,000
years ago.
Fig 4
Relationships of different populations using
mtDNA
~150,000ya
7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 1
CB 5.25
Information
flow in cells
Protein
Complementary base pairs suggest how
DNA replication occurs
When DNA is replicated,
mutations can occur.
CB 13.5
DNA must be
replicated before it
can be passed on.
How it is passed on
and how it gets
modified impacts
evolution.
CB 17.4
Genes code
for proteins
via RNA
Mutations: Sickle-cell anemia
CB 17.23
CB 5.21
Differences in
amino acid
sequence lead to
differences in 3-D
shape and different
functionalities
Correlation of malaria
and sickle-cell anemia
CB 23.10
How do individuals and groups with
different genes arise?
Evolution…
Does it occur?
How does it
occur?
Does evolution occur?
As DNA changes;
traits change.
Protein
Genotype
Phenotype
Genes code for
proteins (or RNA).
These gene
products give rise
to traits…
CB 14.6
Evolution: A species’ genetic component
changes as the individuals reproduce.
Evolution: A
species’ genetic
component
changes as the
individuals
reproduce.
These changes
are based on
how the DNA
changes and
who
reproduces.
Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Bacteria with mutation
causing resistance
O
O
O
Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Bacteria with mutation
causing resistance
O
O
O
Apply
antibiotic
X
O
O
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
O
X
X
O
O
O
O
Kills most bacteria.
Except if some have mutation
that allow them to be resistant.
Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Bacteria with mutation
causing resistance
O
O
O
Apply
antibiotic
O
X
O
O
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
O
X
X
O
O
O
O
Kills most bacteria.
Except if some have mutation
that allow them to be resistant.
Continues to
replicate
Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Bacteria with mutation
causing resistance
O
O
O
Apply
antibiotic
Continues to
replicate
O
X
O
O
X
O
O
O
O
Kills most bacteria.
Except if some have mutation
that allow them to be resistant.
X
O
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Population of resistant bacteria
Natural Selection:
Individuals that are most
successful at reproducing will
pass on more of their genetic
information.
Reproductive success = evolutionary success
Individuals are selected…
But populations evolve via changes in DNA
during reproduction.
Who evolves?…Species.
A. harrisi
A. leucurus
•A population that can produce fertile offspring
•A population that does reproduce
**A population sharing genetic information**
CB 24.6
X
Horse
Donkey
=
Mule
X
Horse
=
Mule
(sterile)
Donkey
So…horses and
donkeys are not
the same species.
Who evolves?…Species.
A. harrisi
A. leucurus
•A population that can produce fertile offspring
•A population that does reproduce
**A population sharing genetic information**
CB 24.6
Homework #2
due F 2/23
Bonus #1 due
W 2/28
Reproductive success = Evolutionary success
Reproductive success = Evolutionary success
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