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Transcript
A105 Stars and Galaxies Today’s APOD News Quiz Today 1st NovaSearch homework due Thursday First Exam on Thursday, Sept. 28 Announcements… • Kirkwood Obs. open Weds night 9:00 – 11:30 • Rooftop Session, Sept. 28, 8:30 Upcoming Events • Moon Festival at Kirkwood Obs. –Wednesday, Oct. 4, 8:30-10:30 –sponsored by the Asian Culture Center • Transit of Mercury –Nov. 8, 2:15 PM - Sunset Space vs. Ground-Based Observatories • Space-Based Advantages – Freedom from atmospheric blurring – Observe at wavelengths not transmitted by air • Ground-Based Advantages – Larger collecting power – Equipment easily fixed • Ground-Based Problems – Weather, humidity, and haze – Light pollution Light Pollution • artificial lighting threatens all observatories on the ground • shield all outdoor lights WIYN TECHNOLOGY in 6-8 meter telescopes 8-10 Meter Telescopes Today • Keck Telescopes Gemini North and South • ESO’s Very Large Telescope • Subaru • Hobby-Eberly Telescope and SALT • MMT Observatory • Magellan • Large Binocular Telescope The Twin Keck Telescopes on Mauna Kea • Two 10-meter telescopes • “segmented” mirrors – 36 hexagonal segments • Keck I in 1993; Keck II in 1996 ESO’s VLT Cerro Paranal, Chile Four 8.2 meter telescopes – – – – Antu (the Sun) Kueyen (the Moon) Melipel (the Southern Cross) Yepun (Venus - as evening star) Magellan Telescopes Twin 6.5-m in Chile Borosilicate honeycomb mirrors 6.5-meter Telescopes MMT Observatory 6.5-m Telescope also borosilicate honeycomb located in southern Arizona Large Binocular Telescope Twin 8.4-meter mirrors on a single mount in southern Arizona Correcting for the Earth’s Atmosphere • Even at wavelengths where the atmosphere is transparent, the atmosphere “blurrs” light – Why to stars “twinkle” (scintillation)? – The condition of the sky for viewing is referred to as seeing – Distorted seeing can be improved by adaptive optics Adaptive Optics – Correcting distortions caused by the Earth’s Atmosphere How does it work??? The Power of Adaptive Optics 40” 4’ 5” >220 stars in 5”x5” UH-88”, Courtesy W.Brandner, 0.65” seeing Gemini N/Hokupa’a-QUIRC (U of H/NSF) The importance of image quality • text typical groundbased image Hubble image WIYN image The Ring Nebula New Telescopes to Answer New Questions • • • • 20 and 30-meter telescopes 8-meter survey telescope James Webb Space Telescope Virtual Observatory Adaptive Optics will be a key component of 20 and 30 meter telescopes Lasers will produce artificial stars in the sky to help focus starlight Large-aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope • • • • 8.4-meters Triple-fold optical design 3 billion pixel-camera 30,000 gigabytes each night LSST Survey the sky each week Real-time data analysis 3 billion sources + transients Beyond 30-meters ESO’s Overwhelmingly Large Telescope How much do big telescopes cost? 140 Cost (millions of $$) Cost increases rapidly as the diameter increases 120 100 80 60 40 20 Telescope Cost vs. Aperture 0 0 5 10 Aperture in meters 15 Homework Review Homework: – www.astro.indiana.edu/novasearch Preparing for the Exam • Take the 1st two practice tests on Oncourse • Review Key Terms, Questions for Review, and “Test Yourself” at the back of each section we covered • Sections: 1, 2, 3, (4), 5, 6, 10, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30 • Also review class notes, essential facts, homeworks • Test will ask you to APPLY what you know, not just to repeat back what you know! The Sun! Units 49, 50, 52 News Quiz on Tuesday Homework Due EACH THURS. EXAM THIS THURSDAY