Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Management of the LIGO Project Gary Sanders California Institute of Technology Presented to the Committee on Programs and Plans of the National Science Board August 9, 2001 LIGO-G010262-00-M This Presentation Introduction to LIGO How we have managed LIGO How NSF has managed LIGO Status of LIGO today LIGO-G010262-00-M 2 Interferometers as Detectors of Gravitational Waves LIGO-G010262-00-M 3 Detection of Gravitational Waves by Interferometry suspended test masses LIGO (4 km), stretch (squash) = 10-18 m will be detected at frequencies of 10 Hz to 104 Hz. It can detect waves from a distance of 600 106 light years LIGO-G010262-00-M 4 LIGO Scope and Costs The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) is: » » » » a joint project of Caltech and MIT construct and operate two observatories with 4 km interferometers detect gravitational waves initiate ground-based gravitational wave astronomy LIGO has been supported through the NSF Division of Physics/Gravity Program » Construction cost $292 million (Major Research Equipment + R&D) » Commissioning, early operations and R&D cost $79 million » This funding covers 1994 - 2001 LIGO-G010262-00-M 5 Two Observatories Baseline LIGO-G010262-00-M Long 6 LIGO Observatories LIGO (Washington) LIGO-G010262-00-M LIGO (Louisiana) 7 LIGO Vacuum System LIGO-G010262-00-M 8 LIGO 4 km Beam Tubes LIGO-G010262-00-M 9 Optics Installation LIGO-G010262-00-M 10 LIGO Schedule 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003+ Construction Underway (mostly civil) Facility Construction (vacuum system) Interferometer Construction (complete facilities) Construction Complete (interferometers in vacuum) Detector Installation (commissioning subsystems) Commission Interferometers (first coincidences) Sensitivity studies (initiate LIGO I Science Run) LIGO I data run (one year integrated data at h ~ 10-21) 2006+ Begin ‘advanced’ LIGO installation LIGO-G010262-00-M 11 Construction Cost Schedule Performance 300 250 98% complete $ Millions 200 150 Original Plan - $250M Current Plan - $290M 100 Cooperative Agreement - $292M Earned Value Performance - $281M 50 Actuals Costs - $278M 01-4 01-2 00-4 00-2 99-4 99-2 98-4 98-2 97-4 97-2 96-4 96-2 95-4 95-2 0 LIGO Quarter LIGO-G010262-00-M 12 Features of the LIGO Construction Project University (Caltech+MIT) managed, no national laboratory Two green field sites Carried out as two major subprojects » 2/3 of the project constructs buildings, clean labs, vacuum system designed for ultimate terrestrial detectors » 1/3 of project constructs initial detectors NSF funding provided when scheduled, leading to a technically limited project LIGO-G010262-00-M 13 Features of the LIGO Construction Project Organized and executed like a bridge building project » Product oriented Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) » Scope and technical configuration defined and controlled » Cost and schedule integrated into a performance measurement baseline with earned value analysis » Contingency funds managed centrally through a Change Control Board » Organization matches WBS – Subsystem managers responsible to deliver products » Subcontractors managed rigorously » Scientists fully integrated and aware of Voltaire’s maxim “le mieux est l'ennemi du bien” – Scientists did not destabilize project but were also the source for project repair and workaround Big Science culture new to NSF and to Caltech/MIT scientists LIGO-G010262-00-M 14 LIGO Project Work Breakdown and Organization Work Breakdown Structure LIGO Project Facilities Civil Facilities Vacuum Equipment Beam Tube Beam Tube Enclosure Detector Lasers/Optics Isolation/Suspension Controls Env. Monitor R&D Project Management 40 Meter Test Phase Noise Test Campus Research . . Project Management Cost/Schedule System Engineering QA/ES&H Document Control Computing LIGO Project Organization LIGO PI and PM Facilities Civil Facilities Vacuum Equipment Beam Tube Beam Tube Enclosure LIGO-G010262-00-M Detector Lasers/Optics Isolation/Suspension Controls Env. Monitor . . R&D 40 Meter Test Phase Noise Test Campus Research Project Management Project Management Cost/Schedule System Engineering QA/ES&H Document Control Computing 15 LIGO Laboratory Organization LIGO-G010262-00-M 16 Post Construction Operating as a scientific program has been initiated Organized LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) » a ~30 institution, ~300 scientist international collaboration to carry out the – observational science and – advanced R&D » LSC includes LIGO Laboratory scientific staff LIGO-G010262-00-M 17 What NSF Has Done Through the Gravity Program, NSF has created an oversight function for LIGO Cooperative Agreement and Project Management Plan created the formal framework A dedicated program officer led the oversight and structured NSF review Semiannual project reviews during construction used a standing committee with slowly varying membership to provide review of progress Program officer employed an internal multidisciplinary team to coordinate NSF reviews and approvals with periodic meetings » Gravity program, grants and agreements, legal, public affairs, government affairs, property management, budget,… LIGO-G010262-00-M 18 LIGO “First Lock” Composite Video 2 min Y Arm Laser X Arm signal LIGO-G010262-00-M 19 LIGO Status Hanford 2 kilometer interferometer commissioned in final optical configuration Livingston 4 kilometer interferometer commissioning in recombined configuration Hanford 4 kilometer interferometer laser and mode cleaner commissioned with arms about to be illuminated Engineering runs and mock data challenges carried out Coincidence studies later this year Scientific running commences in 2002 LIGO-G010262-00-M 20