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Fiber Optic Networks for Distributed, Heterogeneous Radio Architectures and Service Provisioning: The case of the FUTON programme G. Heliotis, I. Chochliouros and G. Agapiou Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (OTE) S.A. Dept. Of Network Strategy and Architecture Outline Quick facts about the project Introduction & motivation Basic architecture Objectives Benefits Summary - conclusions FUTON in a Nutshell… FUTON is a collaborative EU funded project: 30 months, 16 partners, started: 03/08 + VIVO (Brazil) + NICT (Japan) VTT Leader: Nokia Siemens Networks AAU Aim: Develop a transparent fiber infrastructure that will act as an enabler of new wireless architectures UNIK TUD What will this infrastructure offer? MOT AT Possibility to perform joint processing at a central location IT JAY NSN PT Enhanced cross-layer algorithms Enhanced cross-system algorithms OTE VIVO UniP SI FUTON will cover: Concept definition and network design Implementation and validation of basic blocks Study of business impact and deployment ACO FUTON consortium balanced between academic/ research institutes, manufacturers and operators Introduction Europe’s future communications networks promise to usher in a new world of business and lifestyle-enabling capabilities Some key aspects that will characterize these networks are: Convergence/interoperability of heterogeneous mobile and fixed broadband network technologies, enabling ubiquitous access to broadband mobile services. Optimised traffic routing and processing between core and edge networks, that will enable ultra high speed end-to-end connectivity High scalability, allowing a great increase in the number of connected devices and enabling the emergence of novel application opportunities Flexible, optimised control and management procedures that will enable seamless service composition and operation across multiple telecommunication operators and business domains Support of a wide diversity of complex service attributes and requirements, with intelligent distribution services across multiple access technologies Service Trends and Requirements Future services will predominantly be offered on an “on-demand” basis and will be highly demanding in terms of bandwidth. Will, therefore, require high levels of capacity, configurability and resiliency from the underlying communications infrastructure. Wireless or converged fixed/wireless networks should: Offer high capacities to all potential user categories and support wide variety of either nomadic and being “on-the-move” interoperable devices and services, a variety of content formats and a multiplicity of delivery modes Guarantee robustness, resilience, trust and security in service platforms that are much larger in complexity and scale than currently. As such, European telecommunications operators should aim to develop new network infrastructures that will: - overcome the long-term limitations of current implementations - will be driven by the need for generalised mobility, high bandwidth, scalability, security and support of a multiplicity of multimedia services Scope of the FUTON programme ● Currently, two major trends in wireless communications are: - development of a new broadband component - integration of the variety of heterogeneous wireless technologies ● FUTON takes into account these two trends and aims to address the growing demand for wireless services ● FUTON aims to develop a system for wireless service provisioning with: - True Broadband access - Increased system capacity Conventional cellular architecture Main elements of current architecture: - GSM Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) or UMTS Node Bs connect users to the network and perform signal processing tasks - These are in turn connected to a Base Station Controller (BSC) through microwave links or cable. - The BSC provides the “intelligence” behind the BTSs and controls a large number of them. It handles radio channel allocations, controls handovers etc and acts as a traffic concentrator towards the core network. * Space multiplexing by treating radio signal from other cells as unknown interference What would be an obvious solution to increase the system capacity? Cellular planning → Reduce cell size Do not treat signals from the different cells as unknown interference Reduced processing RSS RAU BTS Joint Processing RAU BTS (detection coding, resource managing) Service data RNC Central Unit RAU BTS Radio signals transported transparently Allows soft combination / processing at the Central Unit (CU) Signals from different cells not treated as interference What about the link capacity? Have mobile devices communicating simultaneously with several antennas (similar to MIMO concepts) Conceptually, this allows the antennas to be treated as physically distributed antennas of one composite base station. High Co-operation is needed. The key to achieve high cooperation is to have the radio signals transparently transmitted/received to/from a central unit where all the signal processing is performed FUTON’s proposed solution The network capacity (users/Km2) problem and the link capacity problem point to the same solution: Perform a joint processing of spatially separated radio signals Build an infrastructure that collects / distributes the radio signals from the different antennas The technology to build that: optical fiber Huge bandwidth Low losses Radio-over-fiber (RoF) again? Generalized RoF network for application in cellular networks is a resurgent idea but up to now not has not taken place RoF has always been thought of as a remoting or extension component Optical components still expensive to provide a clear balance towards the use of generalized remote antenna units in 2-3G Trends call for a joint processing of distributed radio signals what is needed is much more than remoting ● Shift the vision of RoF as a remoting component to one of an enabling infrastructure for joint processing at a central location or distributed processing of the radio signals THIS IS THE OBJECTIVE OF FUTON FUTON Architecture FUTON: Hybrid optical/radio infrastructure with distributed RAU units and joint central processing FUTON architecture for various single serving areas connected to same central unit Geographical area to be covered is divided in serving areas (or supercells), where multifrequency RAUs are deployed and are linked to a central unit through optical fiber connections that transport the radio signals transparently Different systems can coexist and be connected to the same central unit FUTON: Summary of Objectives Technical level Objective1 : Demonstrate the feasibility of broadband systems using distributed antennas Objective2 : Develop and demonstrate efficient cross-system algorithms to meet the ABCS concept Key enabling tool: transparent infrastructure to transport radio signals to allow processing at central points of distributed sources Objective3 : Develop a flexible, reconfigurable and upgradeable RoF infrastructure Deployment/ business level Evaluate the implications on the current wireless architecture models of the FUTON concept, determine cost models for upgradeability / replacement and provide roadmaps for evolution. Main Benefits I on a technical level FUTON’s architecture is inherently flexible and easily upgradeable, and provides a promising framework for the efficient integration for fixed and wireless technologies. It can facilitate the design of efficient cross-system algorithms / protocols, and enhance interoperability between heterogeneous systems It has the ability to achieve the very high bit rates sought for the broadband component of future wireless systems, and an increase in the overall system capacity Overall, for network operators, it will provide a scheme with high reusability, easy upgradeability (in order to accommodate new services and cope with the increasing bandwidth demands), flexibility to provide ease of reconfiguration, and convergence Main Benefits II on a business level Provisioning of new broadband wireless services with several use-cases Owner of the RoF can be third party → infrastructure need not be owned by a single operator that provides every service, but in fact, an operator can rent its usage to new wireless service providers This will allow the operator to make extra revenues from its infrastructure, and facilitate easy entrance of new service providers, fostering innovation for the benefit of end-users Overall, the programme is expected to reinforce European leadership in both fixed and wireless networks, developing stronger synergies between various telecommunications stakeholders and contributing to the emergence of new business models New European industrial and service opportunities may arise as a consequence, especially in the rapidly advancing sector of mobile Internet access Summary FUTON is a very recent, ambitious European research programme, that aims to develop a new hybrid optical/radio infrastructure enabling high bit rates and enhanced system capacity Proposes the development of a fiber-based infrastructure transparently connecting distributed antenna units to a central unit where joint data processing can be performed. The FUTON approach departs significantly from conventional RoF (Fiber infrastructure not only for extension or remoting, but enabler for new wireless architectures and techniques) Overall, FUTON aims at providing the long sought objective of broadband to the user but with mobility added supplement FUTON: Consortium ►Leader: Nokia Siemens Networks (Portugal) ►Partners: - ΟΤΕ (Greece) - Instituto de Telecomunicações (Portugal) - Portugal Telecom (Portugal) - Motorola (France) - Alcatel-Thales (France) - University of Kent (UK) - Πανεπιστήμιο Πάτρας (Greece) - VIVO (Brazil) - Sigint (Cyprus) - Acorde (Spain) - Nippon Institute of ICT (Japan) - Jayteck (Poland) - Tech. University of Dresden (Germany) - VTT (Finland) - University of Aalborg (Denmark) VIVO VTT AAU NICT UNIK TUD MOT AT IT ACO JAY NSN PT OTE UniP SI MIMO Transmitter Precoding Receiver Processing Separate streams at the antennas multiplexing gain (R=min[Mt, Mr]) • But achieved only if the channel is rich scattered • But in mobile application, outdoor channel does not have too many major scatterers, resulting in strongly correlated channel capacity scaling not achieved • Furthermore when more than one pair of MIMO users exist, interference to each other still exists, implying the requirement of joint processing of multiple pair of MIMO links Solution: Build a MIMO system with far apart antennas The components of the DWS I MT: Mobile Terminal RAU: Remote Antenna Unit Unit that interfaces with the mobile terminal on one side and OTI on the other side Gets / sends RF signals and transceives them to / from optical OTI: Optical Transmission Infrastructure Optical network connecting RAU ports to CU CU: Central Unit Physical location where the signals to / from the RAU’s covering a given area are processed MT RAU OTI CU The Components of the DWS II More Detailed view RAU CSC_RAU RAU_W MT U Optical infrastructure domain CU U1 OTI V CSC_CU W JPU U2 Wireless Domain Interfacing-conversion • RAU_W (RAU Wireless) performs the transmitting / receiving functions that are independent from the OTI. • CSC_RAU (Conversion Separation Combination –RAU). Performs the signal conversions between the optical and electrical. • CSC_CU (Conversion Separation Combination –CU). • JPU (Joint Processing Unit). Unit where the joint processing of the RF signals for a set of RAU’s is performed. Scenarios for Distributed Wireless Systems I Evolutionary path The evolution of a legacy system (e.g. LTE), eventually with larger bandwidth and aiming at higher peak bit rates The base stations are stripped versions of a full base station (only RF operation; s_BS) RAU Cell Super Cell • Can be sectorized and/or have multiple antennas The areas associated with each RAU are grouped to form a cell with distributed antennas The signals from the RAU’s are transported transparently to / from the CU Serving Area CSC_CU U2 JPU … Uj JPU CU • From an architecture point of view identical to classical cellular network but with a distributed base station - Could allow some overlapping to facilitate handovers Scenarios for Distributed Wireless Systems II Evolutionary scenario UMTS legacy Evolution to DWS RNC Physical location of CU CN CN Serving Drift RNC RNC Controller Controller Node B Node B Node B Central Unit 1 Node B Central Unit 2 Serving Drift RNC RNC Controller Controller Node B Node B Node B Node B Scenarios for Distributed Wireless Systems III Serving area i+1 Serving area i Advanced Scenario • Rationale • In future wireless networks one should have and accommodate - Ability to reconfigure on the fly to meet dynamic patterns - Need to provide simple ways to upgrade / reconfigure the network without need to redo a new planning Joint processing area • Implications in terms of the FUTON concept - RAU’s very simple - The “planning” should be a dynamic allocation of resources to be performed real-time at the CU CSC_CU U2 JPU … Uj CU i • Area Covered by a Central Unit: Serving Area • The serving area can be quite large (e.g. equivalent to the area served by a RNC) • Joint processing area: set of RAU’s which are jointly processed • Overlapping may exist to facilitate handovers Page 24 JPU The optical transmission infrastructure I The issue - transport of analog radio waveforms or digitized radio over the fiber? Key design aspects for the optical infrastrucuture Should be easy to support new wireless systems Should e easy to add new RAU’s, without need for a complete replanning Key aspects Flexibility, reconfigurability Page 25 The optical transmission infrastructure II Digital Transport Specific design for each radio system Synchronization issues Offers noise immunity and protection against component impairments Very high bandwidth required Analog Transport With combination of subcarrier multiplexing and WDM high flexibility, transparency Drawbacks Dynamic range of optical links Furthermore if signal are in digital format can be transported like analog waveforms provide easy integration of existing digital interfaces (CPRI, OBSAI) Page 26 The optical transmission infrastructure III • Resources of the optical infrastructure • Optical wavelengths • Electrical f3 f2 f1 subcarriers l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 Optical wavelenghths Digital optical signal for the fixed network Digitized radio signals RF signal Reference RF signal Page 27 The optical transport infrastructure IV Optical wavelength address the RAU’s Electrical subcarriers, separate different systems / sectors / antennas at each RAU Up and down converters transport of signals in the range less than 10GHz where optical components with low cost and good linearity characteristics can be developed E/O O/E l1 l2 l1 l2 f1 l N f2 f K E/O O/E lN E/O O/E CU l1 l2 f1 l N E/O O/E f2 f K l1 l2 E/O O/E lN E/O O/E