Survey
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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Definitions • Incident wave-_____________________________________. • _______________wave that is bounced away from the surface. • Refracted-_________________________________________. • ________ ___________ __________-an optical phenomenon that occurs when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface. • ________ ________-the angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs. • ____________- to a flat surface is a vector that is perpendicular to that surface. To a non-flat surface at a point P on the surface is a vector perpendicular to the tangent plane to that surface at P. Reflection • The production of an ________ by or as if by a ________. • Something, such as ______, _______ _____, ______, or an _______, that is reflected. • The change in ________ of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, away from a boundary the wave encounters. Reflected waves ______ in their original medium rather than _______ the medium they encounter. Reflection • According to the ____ __ ______, the angle of reflection of a reflected wave is equal to its angle of incidence. Diffuse Reflection • Light is reflected in ___ ____________. • This is caused by a surface that isn’t _______. Specular reflection • All the light travelling in ___ direction and reflecting from the mirror is reflected in ___ direction. • This occurs on a ______ surface. Definitions • _____ _____- the single point where light from the object hits or is focused. Located half the distance from the mirror to the center of curvature. • _____ _____-the distance from the reflecting surface to the focal point. • _____- formed when the incident and reflected rays intersect in front of the mirror. • ________- does not actually exist (no light is produced). Occur at points where extensions from incident and reflected rays converge behind the mirror. • _______ of Curvature- the ______ of that original sphere. • _______ of Curvature- the ______ of the sphere. • _____- the point where the mirror crosses the principal axis. • _________ ____- a line drawn through the vertex, focus and center of curvature. Plane Mirrors Just kidding • A mirror with a flat surface • Properties of an image in a plane mirror – The image is ________ – The image is the ______ size as the object – The image is the ______ distance from the mirror as the object appears to be – The image is _______, not _______, because the light rays do not actually pass through the image. Plane Mirrors Spherical Mirrors • A piece cut out of a reflective sphere. • Focal length of a spherical mirror: f=R/2 • Either _______ or ______. Convex Mirrors or Diverging Mirror • Image is _______ and _______. • Used for security in stores and on the passenger side of many cars. • Light rays that strike the mirror surface are reflected so that they _______, or “go apart,” and they never come to a point. • The focal length is ________. • The object and focus are on ___________ sides of the mirror. • All images are _______ than the object. Rules of Reflection for Convex Mirrors • Any incident ray traveling ________ to the principal axis on the way to a convex mirror will reflect in such a manner that its extension will pass _______ the focal point. • Any incident ray traveling _______ a convex mirror such that its extension passes through the focal point will reflect and travel ________ to the principal axis. • Any incident ray which is directed _______ the center of curvature of the mirror is ________ back along its ____ path. Concave Mirror or Converging Mirror • Can have either ____ or _______ images. • Light rays that strike the mirror surface are reflected so that they ________, or “come together,” at a point. • Focal length is ________. • The object and the focus are on the _____ side of the mirror. Rules of Reflection for Concave Mirrors • Any incident ray traveling ________ to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will pass through the _____ _____upon reflection. • Any incident ray passing through the _____ _____ on the way to the mirror will travel parallel to the ________ ____upon reflection. The Mirror Equation • 1/_+_/di=1/_ – do is the distance from the mirror to the object – di is the distance from the mirror to the image – f is the focal length of the mirror Magnification • In most cases the height of the image _______ from the height of the object. This means that the mirror has done some _________ or ________. Magnification • M=hi/__=__/do – The ratio of the image height to the object height, which is closely related to the ratio of the image distance to the object distance. Magnification • M=hi/__=__/do – If magnification is __ then the object and the image are the same size. If m__1 then the image is larger. If m__1 then the image is smaller. If m__0 then the image is upright and if m__0 then the image is inverted. Refraction • The change of direction of a ray of _____, _____, ____, or the like, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which its wave velocity is _________. • The change in the _____ of propagation depends on the __________ between the index of refraction of the original medium and the medium entered by the wave, as well as on the _________ of the wave. • The speed of light in a vacuum is ______________. • When light travels through a different material, it travels at ____________ speed. Refraction • The speed of light in a given material is related to a quantity called the _____ __ _________, n. • Index of refraction: n=_/v – The ratio of the speed of light (_) in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium (_). • The _________ changes as well. • Index of refraction in terms of wavelength – N=_/λm • where _ is the wavelength in vacuum and λm is the wavelength in the medium Index of Refraction Refraction • Although the _____ changes and wavelength _______, the frequency will be ________. • Frequency, wavelength, and speed are related by: – V=_λ Snell’s Law • The relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction and the ________ of refraction of the two media. – n1_____=n2sinθ2 or sinθ1/sinθ2=__/v2 Definitions • ____- a carefully ground or molded piece of transparent material that refracts light rays in such a way as to form an image. • _________ axis- the __________ axis. • __ _____- the point on the principal axis that is twice as far from the vertical axis as the focal point. Converging Lenses • A lens that _________ rays of light that are traveling ________ to its principal axis. Diverging Lenses • A lens that ________ rays of light that are traveling parallel to its _________ axis. Double Convex Lens • The fact that a double convex lens is _______ across its middle is an indicator that it will converge rays of light that travel parallel to its principal axis. Double Concave Lens • The fact that the double concave lens is _______ across its middle is an indicator that it will diverge rays of light that travel parallel to its principal axis. • Refraction Rules for a Converging Any incident ray • traveling parallel Lens to the principal axis of a converging lens will _______ through the lens and travel through the _____ point on the opposite side of the lens. Any incident ray traveling through the _____ _____ on the way to the lens will refract through the lens and travel parallel to the principal axis. • Refraction Rules for a Diverging Any incident ray traveling Lens • Any incident ray parallel to the principal axis of a diverging lens will _______ through the lens and travel in line with the focal point (i.e., in a direction such that its extension will pass through the focal point). traveling towards the focal point on the way to the lens will refract _______ the lens and travel ________ to the principal axis. A Third Rule of Refraction • An incident ray that passes through the _____ of the lens will in affect ________ in the ____ direction that it had when it entered the lens. Converging Lens Image Formation • Can produce real ___ virtual images. Object-Image Relations for Diverging Lens Object-Image Relations for Converging Lens • If the object is located ______ 2F: • If the object is located __ 2F: • If the object is located _______ 2F and _: • If the object is located __ F: • If the object is located __ _____ __ F: Diverging Lens Image Formation • Can only produce virtual images.