Download Fiber Optics

Fiber Optics
By: Herlina Lim
Chem 323
Analytical Instrumentation
Chronological History
In 1870  John Tyndall demonstrated
that light follows the curve of a stream
of water pouring from a container.
In the 1950's  more research and
development into the transmission of
visible images through optical fibers.
In 1966  Charles Kao and George
Hockham proposed the transmission of
information over glass fiber.
What is Fiber Optic?
A thin and very fine
strand of glass or
plastic that carries
light transmissions
over long distance.
Three main parts of Fiber optics
1st part : Core (placed in
the centre of the fiber.
This is where the light
will travel)
2nd part : Cladding
(outer optical material
that reflects the light
back into the core)
3rd part : Buffer Coating
(plastic coating that
protects the fiber from
damage and moisture)
The principle : Total Internal Reflection
Lights travel through the
core by constantly
reflecting from the
cladding as the angle of
incidence always
greater than critical
angel.
Since cladding does not
absorb any light from
the core, the light wave
can travel great
distances.
Fiber-Optic Relay System
Optical Transmitter : produces light signals
Fiber optic cable : conducts the signals
over a distance
Optical Receiver : receives the light
signals
Two types of fiber optic cable
Single Mode Fiber
• one mode of transmission
• Carry higher bandwidth than
multimode fiber but requires
a light source with a narrow
spectral width
• Used in telephones and cable TV
Multi Mode Fiber
• Multiple mode of transmission
• In long cable runs, multiple paths
of lights can cause signal distortion
at the receiving end  unclear and
incomplete data transmission
• Used in computer networking
Advantages compare to copper wires
Less expensive
Thinner
Higher carrying capacity
Light and digital signals
Low power
Non-flammable
Flexible
Coiled Copper Wire Rod
Bronchoscopes
Bronchoscope
References
http://www.xpressindia.com/White_pape
rs/how_fiber_optics_work.htm
http://www.datacottage.com/nch/fibre.ht
m
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/enc
y/imagepages/9138.htm
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles
/11603-8.asp