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The Standard Normal Distribution
If x is an observation from a roughly symmetric distribution that has
mean  and standard deviation , then the standard value of x is :
z=
x-

Note: A standardized score is often called a z-score.
Example : Men’s IQ’s have a roughly symmetric distribution with a
mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 8.
What is the standard score for a man with an IQ of 66 ?
z=
66 - 72
8
=
-6
8
= - .75
Q: What percentage of people have a score below 66 ?
The Standard Normal Table
Table A is a table of areas under the standard normal curve. The
table entry for each z value is the area under the curve to the left of z
The Standard Normal Table
Example : Imagine we have done an experiment, and we want to find
what percentage of people fell under a score, namely x.
We then proceed to find that the z-score for the value x is -1.10.
.1357
The Standard Normal Table
Example : The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) are widely
used to help predict the performance of applicants to graduate schools.
The range of possible sores on a GRE is 200 to 900. The psychology
department at a university finds the scores of its applicants on the
quantitative GRE are approximately normal with mean  = 544 and
standard deviation  = 103. Answer the following :
1) Find the percentage of people who scored 700 or higher on the test.
2) Find the percentage of people who scored below 500 on the test.
3) Find the percentage of people who scored between 500 and 800
on the test.
1) Find the percentage of people who scored 700 or higher on the test.
Find the percentage to the right of the 700 marker.
1) Find the percentage of people who scored 700 or higher on the test.
Find the z-score :
z=
700 - 544
103
156
=
103
= 1.51
.9345
.0655
Answer:
1 - .9345 = .0655
2) Find the percentage of people who scored below 500 on the test.
Find the percentage to the left of 500
2) Find the percentage of people who scored below 500 on the test.
Find the z-score :
z=
500 - 544
103
- 44
=
= - 0.43
103
0.3336
Answer : 0.3336
3) Find the percentage of people who scored between 500 and 800
on the test.
Find the percentage between 500 and 800
3) Find the percentage of people who scored between 500 and 800
on the test.
500 - 544
- 44
Find the first z-score : z =
=
= - 0.43
103
103
Find the second z-score : z =
800 - 544
103
256
=
= 2.49
103
0.9936
0.3336
Area =
.9936 - .3336 =
0.66
How To Tell If The Data Is “Normal”
1) Line up the data from least to greatest.
2) Determine the mean and standard deviation.
3) If the 68 - 95 - 99.7 rule is close, then the data can be considered
normal.
How To Tell If The Data Is “Normal”
Example : 25 people were chosen at random and were asked their age.
Is this data set roughly normal?
39 41 47 58 65 37 37 49 56 59 62 36 48
52 64 29 44 47 49 52 53 54 72 50 50
• The mean is 50 and the standard deviation is 10.
• If this is normal, then 68 % will be within one standard deviation.
That means 68 % of the ages will be between 40 and 60.
• The number of ages between 40 and 60 is : 16 ( This is 64 % )
• If this is normal, then 95 % will be within two standard deviations.
That means 95 % of the ages will be between 30 and 70.
• The number of ages between 30 and 70 is : 23 ( This is 92 % )
• If this is normal, then 99.7 % will be within three standard deviations.
That means 99.7 % of the ages will be between 20 and 80.
• The number of ages between 20 and 80 is : 25 ( This is 100 % )
Homework
92, 94, 98, 100, 104, 107