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Data Analysis Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Data Analysis – 3 Steps 1. Select appropriate technique for data and research questions 2. Apply technique or calculate using the technique 3. Interpret results of technique Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al 1000 Students from 100 Colleges & Universities Sample Statistics Average Scores in Groups Chapter 13 US college students Population drawn from used to estimate Parameters Standing of all US College Students Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Types of statistics 1. Descriptive vs Inferential 2. Parametric vs Nonparametric 3. Univariate vs Multivariate Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al • Describes characteristics of a group • Used in process of making inference from sample to a population Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al • Usually requires interval data and normal distribution • Does not require interval data and normal distribution Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al • Each subject contributes one score on one variable • Each subject contributes multiple scores on multiple variables Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 13 Descriptive Data Analysis Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Computer Analysis • Statistical programs – SPSS – SAS Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Organizing and Graphing Test Scores • simple frequency distribution • grouping scores for graphing – frequency polygon – normal curve (bell-shaped curve), negatively skewed curve, positively skewed curve, leptokurtic, platykurtic – histogram Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Descriptive Values • Measures of central tendency – Mode – Median – Mean • Measures of variability – Range – Standard deviation – Variance • Measuring group position – Percentile ranks and percentiles – Standard Scores Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Determining Relationships between Scores • The graphing technique – scattergram, regression line • The correlation technique – correlation coefficient (r) • has direction and strength – coefficient of determination Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al
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