Download Igneous Rocks

BELLWORK

Write the following definition in your
science notebook:
–Lithification – the
process of compacting
and cementing
sedimentary rock.
Igneous Rocks
Chapter 14 – Section 2
Where do igneous rocks come from?
Magma cools and then solidifies (hardens).
 Igneous rocks are known as “fire rocks”.

Composition: When
fluids such as water
combine with rock, the
composition of the rock
changes, which lowers the
melting point of the rock
enough to melt it.
Pressure: The high
pressure deep inside the
Earth forces minerals to
remain solid. When hot
rock rises to shallow
depths, the pressure in the
rock is released, and the
minerals can melt.
Temperature: A rise
in temperature can
cause the minerals in a
rock to melt. Different
melting point cause
some minerals to melt
while other minerals
remain solid.
The amount of time it takes for igneous
rocks to cool determines the texture.
Fast cooling lava
Fine-grained igneous rock
Slow-cooling magma
Course-grained igneous rock

Intrusive igneous rock – forms “in” the Earth.
–
–
–
–

Batholith – the largest of all igneous intrusions.
Pluton (or stock) – smaller areas of igneous intrusions.
Dikes – cut across previous rocks.
Sills – between previous rocks.
Slow-cooling – large crystals grow.

Extrusive igneous rock – lava “exits” the Earth.
– Lava flow – forms when lava erupts from a volcano.
– Fissure – long cracks in the crust that lava flows from.
 Found on the ocean floor.
 Can form lava plateaus (lava covers a large area).

Fast-cooling – fine crystal size.
Igneous Rock Types
Igneous Rock Types Menu
Andesite
Basalt
Diorite
Gabbro
Granite
Obsidian
Pegmatite
Peridotite
Pumice
Rhyolite
Scoria
Tuff
Rock Song
(Tune: Row, Row, Row Your Boat)
Ig, Ig, Igneous
Igneous is here.
Magma cools and solidifies
And igneous appears.
QUIZ
What 3 things can affect the
melting of rock?
2. What determines the texture of
igneous rock?
3. What are the 2 classifications of
igneous rock? (HINT: Where they cool!)
1.
BELLWORK
Name
the two types of
igneous rock and where
they form.
Chapter 14 - Section 3
Sedimentary Rock

Formed from sediments deposited from
weathering and erosion.

Forms at or near Earth’s surface.

New layers cover old layers that compact.

Minerals such as calcite and quartz cement
the sediments together.
Strata

The layers in sedimentary rock.

The process in which sedimentary rocks
are arranged in layers is called
stratification
Composition

Sedimentary rocks are classified by the way in
which it forms.
– Clastic – formed when minerals such as calcite and
quartz cement rock fragments together.
 Sandstone, conglomerate, shale, siltstone
– Chemical – formed from solutions of dissolved
minerals and water.
 Halite, gypsum, limestone
– Organic – formed from the remains of plants or
animals.
 Limestone, coal
Sedimentary Rock Types
breccia
chert
coal
conglomerate
iron ore
limestone
rock salt
sandstone
shale
siltstone
Quiz
Name
the 3 types of
sedimentary rocks.
BELLWORK
1.
What are the two types of
igneous rock?
2.
What are the three types of
sedimentary rock?
Metamorphic Rocks
Chapter 14 – Section 4
Metamorphic Rock

Greek
– Meta means change
– Morphos means shape

In metamorphic rocks, the structure,
texture or composition of the rock has
changed.
Metamorphic Rock
The sedimentary rock shale
becomes slate
becomes phyllite
becomes schist
becomes gneiss
Heat and Pressure

If the heat and pressure are different from
where the rock formed, metamorphism
will take place.

Most takes place at depths greater than 2
km.

Pressure from movement deep in the
Earth can also cause metamorphism.
Regions of Metamorphic Rock in
the US
Metamorphism

Contact Metamorphism
– As magma moves through the
crust, it comes in contact with
other rocks and changes
them.

Regional Metamorphism
– Heat and pressure builds up
due to large pieces of crust
colliding.
– Rocks deform and chemically
change.
Textures

Foliated – the texture of
metamorphic rock in which the
mineral grains are arranged in
planes or bands.

Nonfoliated – the texture of
metamorphic rock in which the
mineral grains are not
arranged in planes or bands.
Deformation

A change in the shape of a rock caused by
a force place it.
Metamorphic Rock Types
Amphibolite
amphibolite
gneiss
hornfels
Phyllite
phyllite
quartzite
schist
G HM
n o a
ei r r
s n b
s f le
el
s
QS S
u c la
a h t
rt is e
zi t
t
e
marble
slate
QUIZ
What
is the difference
between contact
metamorphism and
regional metamorphism?