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Rocks & The Rock Cycle The Rock Cycle Notes - Advanced Write the definition of a rock: Rocks - A solid, naturally occurring mineral or mineral-like substance. Notes Read me: Rocks vs Minerals ROCKS ◦ SOLID MIXTURE OF MINERALS ◦ MAY BE ORGANIC ◦ Forms naturally MINERALS ◦ NATURALLY FORMED OF ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS ◦ INORGANIC SOLID ◦ HAVE CRYSTALS ◦ NOT MADE OF ROCKS ◦ HAS A DEFINITE CHEMICAL MAKEUP MINERALS ARE CLASSIFIED BY ◦ CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Rocks vs Minerals Rocks vs Minerals ROCKS ARE -CLASSIFIED BY HOW THEY ARE FORMED EACH TYPE OF ROCK IDENTIFIED BY -COMPOSITION= what minerals the rock is made of. -TEXTURE=sizes, shapes and positions of grains in the rocks What rocks are made of… THE COMPOSITION OF ROCKS IS DETERMINED -BY THE KIND OF MINERALS & -THE AMOUNT MINERALS THAT MAKE IT UP TYPES OF ROCKS: 1.) IGNEOUS ◦ SEDIMENTARY ◦ METAMORPHIC TYPES OF ROCKS FORMED WHEN MAGMA or LAVA COOLS AND HARDENS (SOLIDIFIES) 2 TYPES 1. INTRUSIVE: inside earth MAGMA COOLS SLOWLY BENEATH EARTH’S SURFACE LARGER CRYSTALS COARSE GRAINED (TEXTURE) 2. EXTRUSIVE: outside earth’s surface LAVA COOLS QUICKLY ON THE SURFACE SMALLER CRYSTALS FINE GRAINED (TEXTURE) Key Words: ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO IGNEOUS ROCK BY MELTING & COOLING OF ANY ROCK KEY WORDS MELTING and COOLING Examples: Obsidian, Granite 2. Sedimentary RocksFORMED WHEN ROCKS ARE WEATHERED AND ERODED, (Then) SEDIMENTS get COMPACTed AND CEMENTed into SOLID ROCKs 3 TYPES of Sedimentary rocks: A. ORGANIC: FOSSILIZED REMAINS OF PLANTS OR ANIMALS B. CLASTIC: FRAGMENTS OF OTHER ROCK ARE COMPACTED TOGETHER C. CHEMICAL: SEDIMENTS ARE “GLUED” TOGETHER BY DISSOLVED MINERALS (write in space at bottom)-TEXTURE IS DETERMINED BY THE SIZE OF PARTICLES OF SEDIMENT ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK BY -WEATHERING, EROSION, & SEDIMENTS COMPACTING & CEMENTING TOGETHER KEY WORDS WEATHERING and EROSION COMPACTING and CEMENTING Sedimentary Rocks SANDSTONE LIMESTONE COAL CONGLOMERATE Examples of Sedimentary rocks 3.METAMORPHIC FORMED WHEN EXISTING ROCK IS CHANGED INTO NEW ROCK BY THE HEATING OF THE ROCK AND PRESSURE FROM OTHER ROCKS AROUND IT. 2 TYPES of Metamorphic: A. FOLIATED: CRYSTALS ALIGNED IN LAYERS B. NON-FOLIATED: CRYSTALS ARRANGED IN RANDOM MANNER ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO METAMORPHIC ROCK BY HEAT AND PRESSURE KEY WORDS HEAT and PRESSURE Soap stone Gniess Examples of metamorphic rocks Rock Cycle THE ROCK CYCLE One of the cycles of nature that continually limestone recycles rocks & materials that make up Earth’s crust marble siltstone shale slate gneiss ROCK CYCLE There are many different paths a rock may follow to go through the process of changing from one type of rock to another THE ROCK CYCLE Gneiss (m) Schist Phyllite (m) (m) Siltstone Shale Slate (s) (s) (m) Granite Sandstone (i) (s) Quartzite (m) THE ROCK CYCLE The color of rocks may be different because of the Breccia Sedimentary minerals or other substances that make it up. Gneiss Metamorphic Quartzite Metamorphic Granite Igneous 1. Extrusive Igneous http://www.kitsch.net/lavawalker/ 2. Intrusive igneous http://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/Lect3.html 3. Sedimentary scroll down for diagrams http://www.theapproachinghour.com/earth/earth/the_layers_and_the_internal_struc ture_of_earth.asp 4. http://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/High_School_Earth_Science/Sedimentary_Rocks Sandstone 5. Organic...why coal is cool http://geology.com/articles/coal-through-a-microscope.shtml 6. Metamorphic rock formation http://www.docbrown.info/page21/GeoChangesANS06.htm http://elearning.stkc.go.th/lms/html/earth_science/LOcanada2/207/1_en.htm