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2 COASTAL
MANAGEMENT
Unfortunately, the sea defences
stop the erosion, but this allows
mass movement time to takeover.
Rainwater seeps into the porous
TILL and causes ROTATIONAL
SLUMPING.
Humans are affected by the
retreat of the cliff (loss of land,
housing, etc.) They erect sea
defences
which
stop
the
erosion (groynes, revetments,
gabion cages and anti-tank
blocks.
Holderness Coast
A(i) Lulworth Cove is a circular shaped hollow in the
coast. It is steeper towards the back and the gradient drops
off towards sea level. It is made of 3 types of rock:
limestone at the front, followed by sand and clay then
chalk. The mouth of the cove is 50m wide and the
maximum width of the cove is 350m. (3)
A (ii) This stretch of coastline is a concordant coastline –
where the rocks are lying parallel to the sea. The limestone
is eventually eroded and breached and the sea attacks the
weaker sands and clays until it hits the resistant layer of
chalk at the back of the cove. (3)
b) HOLDERNESS COAST
Physical environment – the coasts here are made of weak rocks –
called boulder clay which have been carried by the icesheets at the
end of the last glacial period (= Devensian 10,000 yrs ago). The cliffs
around Mappleton have been affected – eg Mr Cross and Sue Earle’s
farm, Easington Gas Terminal in danger of falling into the sea.
Human Environment – Groynes have been added to Mappleton which
have prevented LSD from taking sediment further down the coastline.
This has meant that the coast has been built up at one point but
attacked at other places. Dairies have been affected and gas terminals
as well as people’s property. (7)
c) For:
•It protects the coastline and preserves peoples: property (Mr Cross),
businesses (Sue Earle) , industry (gas terminal)
•Groyne encourage a beach to grow which can help tourism and bring
money to the area
Against:
•Looks very ugly
•Very expensive to build
•No guarantee it will last forever
•Some people suffer if groynes are built and sediment is trapped – eg
Mr Cross (who was cross!) (6)
d) SPIT = eg Spurn Head – is a hooked shaped landform which
typically runs along a coastline with a hooked shaped end often where
a river estuary meets the coast. It is formed by the process of
Longshore Drift bringing material along the coastline in a zig-zag
fashion. A saltmarsh often forms behind the spit as the sediment can
build up here in shallower waters. (6)