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Ions
Cations and Anions
Ions
• An atom that carries an electrical
charge is called an ion If the atom
loses electrons, the atom becomes
positively charged (because the
number of positively charged
protons will be more the number of
electrons)
Ions Continued
• The number of protons does not
change in an ion The number of
neutrons does not change in an
ions So, both the atomic number
and the atomic mass remain the
same.
Think about it
• An atom has lost an electron. Now it
has one more proton than electron.
• One more proton means one more
positive charge.
• This makes the total charge of the
atom POSITIVE
Think about it
• An atom has gained an electron.
Now it has one less proton than
electron.
• One less proton means one less
positive charge.
• This makes the total charge of the
atom NEGATIVE.
Cations and anions
• Remember that atoms are
electrically neutral, if an atom gains
or loses electrons then it becomes
charged
Cation
• Is an atom that loses
electrons and becomes
positively charged
Anion
•Is an atom that gains
electrons and becomes
negatively charged
Ionic Bonding
An Ionic Bond is a
chemical bond resulting
from the TRANSFER of
electrons from one
bonding atom to another
Covalent Bonding
• A covalent bond is a chemical
bond resulting from SHARING
of electrons between 2
bonding atoms.
Example of Ionic Bonding
Sodium chloride Compound
Example of Covalent Bonding
Oxygen Molecule (O2)
Two atoms share one or more pairs of
outer-shell electrons.