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ROAD TO JOHANNESBURG
Background
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Rio Earth Summit – 1992
United Nations Convention on Environment and Development (UNCED)
UNCED Impact
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•
1992 Rio Earth Summit:
- 103 Heads of State
- 179 Country representatives
- 50 000 Delegates (including 2 000 journalists)
- 22 000 NGO Delegates – NB recognition
Global action to Environmental Protection and Presentation
Rio Outcomes
•
Rio Declaration
- Statement of Intent that underpins Sustainable Development
•
Agenda 21
- A comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally
and locally by organisations of the United Nations system,
governments and major groups in every area in which humans
impact the environment
Rio Outcomes
•
Three Conventions
- United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change
- UN Convention on Biological Diversity
- UN Convention to Combat Desertification
1995 Copenhagen Programme
•
The Social Development Summit on Copenhagen addressed
Social Development with emphasis on the negative impact
of UNDER-DEVELOPMENT and POVERTY
SUBSTANCE
Rio Legacy
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Agenda 21, environment & development linkage
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Aid target 0,7% of developed countries’ GDP
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Commission of Sustainable Development 1 – 10
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Convention on Biological Diversity and CITES
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Montreal Protocol and Ozone depleting substances
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Basel Convention on hazardous waste
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Convention for Prior Informed Consent for trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste
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Climate Change Convention & Kyoto Protocol
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Stockholm Convention on POPs
Assessing Rio Legacy
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Post-Rio globalisation process reinforcing global inequality
•
Sustainable development programmes and commitments
have been unable to reverse this process
•
Failure to integrate international systems for trade, finance
and investment with sustainable development commitments
Other Problems
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Fragmentation of conventions & institutions
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Development institutions underfunded & ineffective
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Complex governance systems hinder developing country participation and co-ownership
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Aid funds limited and aligned to developed country priorities
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Poor implementation of development targets
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Gaps in international conventions
Johannesburg Legacy will depend on:
•
A properly managed global consensus
– Between governments
– Between stakeholders
•
Ownership and participation by global leaders
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Concrete outputs and deliverables
•
Excellent logistics – “WOW” effect
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Security
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Symbolism, branding and legacy
South Africa’s Message
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Poverty and inequality are greatest threat to sustainable global development
in 21st Century
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Seriously tackling inequality will involve changes in terms of trade,
investment, debt relief
•
Governments cannot do this alone – partnership with business, industry and
civil society is critical
•
Regional programmes like MAP may be the ideal delivery model
Agenda must achieve:
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Renewed commitment to the implementation of Agenda 21
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Implementation of global commitment to combat poverty for sustainable development
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Impact on economic factors underpinning marginalisation of Africa and developing world – trade, finance,
investment
•
Johannesburg programme of action with clear targets, delivery mechanisms, resource commitments,
monitoring
Agenda must also:
•
Get agreement to replenish and restructure global
financing mechanisms
•
Align resources, investment and finances behind sustainable
development agenda, and mobilise resources for MAP
•
Get agreement on instruments to address gaps in international
governance framework, and focus on capacity building for
equitable global governance
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
•Trade
ENVIRONMENT
•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Finance
•Investment
•Technology
transfer
•Biodiversity
SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
•Land degradation
•Water
•Climate change
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
•Trade
ENVIRONMENT
•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Finance
•Investment
•Technology
transfer
•Biodiversity
SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
•Land degradation
•Water
•Climate change
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
Economic Development Programmes
BETTER ACCESS FOR
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
TO GLOBAL MARKETS
RESOURCE COMMITMENT
e.g. support for MAP
FROM DEVELOPMENT
FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
INCREASE INVESTMENT
FOR DEVELOPING
ECONOMIES
DEBT RELIEF PROGRAMME
EXTENDED TO OTHER
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT &
TRANSFER
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
•Trade
ENVIRONMENT
•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Finance
•Investment
•Technology
transfer
•Biodiversity
SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
•Land degradation
•Water
•Climate change
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
Social Development Programmes
GLOBAL PROGRAMME FOR
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER
AND SANITATION
POA TO ENSURE
UNIVERSAL
LITERACY & NUMERACY
POA TO ENSURE
INCREASED GLOBAL
FOOD SECURITY
ENERGY ACCESS
PROGRAMME PUTS 50%
AFRICAN HOUSEHOLDS ON
INTEGRATED ENERGY GRID
POA FOR HIV/AIDS &
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES IN AFRICA
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
•Trade
ENVIRONMENT
•Oceans
•Atmosphere
•Finance
•Investment
•Technology
transfer
•Biodiversity
SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
•Land degradation
•Water
•Climate change
•Health
•Energy
•Education
•Food security
Environment Commitments
•
Environmental protection of the poor
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Greater commitment to developing country agendas
– Desertification
– Sustainable use of biodiversity
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New global instruments to address gaps
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–
–
–
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Oceans and coasts
Forests
Waste
Air pollution
Rationalise conventions for better developing country
engagement - “IEG” process
Environment Programmes
CONSERVATION &
MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
FOR DEVELOPMENT
MITIGATING GLOBAL
CLIMATE CHANGE
TO ACHIEVE TARGETS
IN 2008 – 2012
INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOVERNANCE
PROTECTING
ENVIRONMENT & HUMAN
RIGHTS THROUGH
WASTE AND AIR
POLLUTION REDUCTION
Governance
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Peace, democracy, security and stability as essential platforms
for sustainable development
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Enhance MAP programme for sound governance in participating
countries
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Rationalise global environmental governance system
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Strenghten coordination of environment, social and economic
aspects of Sustainable Development, and effectiveness of
Commission for Sustainable Development
The Road to Johannesburg
REGIONAL
CSD PRE-COM.2
FEBRUARY 2002
CSD PREP-COM.3
MARCH 2002
PrepComms
CSD MINISTERIAL
PRE-COM
MAY 2002
CSD BUREAU
MEETINGS
CSD BUREAU
MEETINGS
CSD BUREAU
MEETINGS
CSD PREP-COM. 1
MARCH 2001
JOHANNESBURG
SUMMIT
2 – 11 SEPT. 2002
The Road to Johannesburg
Economic cluster
• Trade…………
Milestones
WTO, Qatar - November 2001
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Finance………
GEF – December 2001
FFD, Mexico - March 2002
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Investment……
FFD, Mexico - March 2002
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Technology…..
Meetings of UNESCO,
WTO, UNFCCC
The Road to Johannesburg
Social cluster
• Water…………
Milestones
Bonn Water Conference December 2001
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Health…………..
Africa Health Ministries
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Energy………….
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Education……….
UNESCO
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Food security……
World Food Summit
5 November 2001
UNFCCC COP7 November 2001
The Road to Johannesburg
Environment cluster
• Biodiversity…………
Milestones
CBD COP6 – April 2002
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Oceans & coasts…………..
GOM Paris – December 2001
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Forests………….
UNFF, Rome – December 2001
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Atmosphere……….
UNFCCC COP7 – November 2001
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Waste……
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Climate change……..
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Land degradation……..
8th Session of PIC – October 2001
UNFCCC COP7 – November 2001
CCD COP5 – October 2001
Global Partnership with Government
BUSINESS SECTOR
Business Forum
For Sustainable
Development
GLOBAL
PARTNERSHIP
AROUND JHB
PROGRAMME
OF ACTION
UN AGENCY &
DFI SECTOR
Engagement with
CSD on their
Contribution to POA
NGO SECTO
Southern NGOs
Meeting October 2001
Women, Youth, churches
Unions, Civics
participating
Partner Contributions
Government
Country strategies for
Sustainable Development with
matching state resources
Business
Agreement to tackle
marginalisation of the
poorest with “growth”
agreements on trade,
investment, financing,
infrastructure linked to
governance
•
Create conducive
implementation environment
Adopt environmental and
social auditing systems
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Engineering sub-regional and
regional implementation agreements
Proactive investment in
Sustainable Development
initiatives
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Partner Contributions
NGOs
• Multiple actions to highlight
environment and development
problems
• An enabling, facilitatory and
capacity building role within a
global POA
• Promote participation of
marginalised groups like
women and youth
• A constructive “watchdog” role
DFIs & UN Agencies
Prioritisation of Global POA in
these institutions
Offer of enabling financing
agreements
Inter-institutional coordination
Mechanism to integrate IMF,
WB, WTO, and other non-UN
institutes
Early agreement on roles,
institutional arrangements and
financing NB
Johannesburg Outputs
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Global partnership to address inequality and poverty
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Johannesburg POA to deliver on WSSD outcomes including
Millennium Summit targets, with monitoring and delivery
mechanisms, financing mechanisms, timeframes
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Integration of trade, finance and investment issues into Sustainable
Development agenda
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Specific sectoral agreements and programmes
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
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International Environment Governance
Description
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Re-organising the International Environmental Governance regime into a more efficient model and effective
system which integrates and coordinates currently fragmented MEAs and initiatives
International Process or Milestone
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IEG High level meetings (Sept, Dec 01 and Jan 2002)
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CSD 10 and Prep Comms
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
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Finance for Sustainable Development
Description
Linking financing for development debate to Sustainable Development agenda and POA. Re-organisation of the
Global Environment Facility (GEF) for better co-ordination and support to the IEG system
International Process or Milestone
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GEF Council (December 01, 2001)
UNFFD, Mexico, March 2002
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
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Trade and Environment
Description
Linking the forthcoming trade rounds more effectively to the Sustainable Development agenda. Linking the
environment and development issues with the trade debate in the context of Sustainable Development
International Process or Milestone
WTO round, Qatar November 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
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Energy
Description
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Organising a deal on global access to energy for Sustainable Development, and the promotion of cleaner
production, renewable and energy efficiency. Linkages to be made with consolidation of Kyoto Protocol, and a
potential global deal on air pollution
International Process or Milestone
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CSD 10 and Prep Comms
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COP 7 of UNFCCC, Marrakesh, October – November 2001
13th MOP Montreal Protocol, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
Biodiversity
Description
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Deepening global programme of action around conservation and
protection of bio-diversity linked
to Sustainable Development POA, and in particular food security. Consolidation and implementation issues
regarding Biosafety Protocol, Intellectual Property Rights agreements, bioprospecting
International Process or Milestone
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2 INC for Cartegena Protocol (November 01, 2001)
CBD COP6 Hague (April 02, 2001)
COP5 UNCCD Geneva
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
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HIV/Aids
Description
WSSD to recognise the threat posed by HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases to Sustainable
Development, and commit to global POA building on the proposed Africa wide communicable diseases
programme
International Process or Milestone
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African Health Ministers meeting
WHO meetings
Waste
Extension of hazardous waste and POPs to broader global deal on waste minimisation and recycling
8th session of Rotterdam Convention, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
Waste
Description
Extension of hazardous waste and POPs to broader global deal on waste minimisation and recycling
International Process or Milestone
8th session of Rotterdam Convention, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
Fresh Water
Description
Global deal on shared water resources, water resource management, access to water services and sanitation, and
programme of action to address Millennium declaration targets
International Process or Milestone
Bonn Conference on Water, December 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
Oceans
Description
A global deal on oceans and coasts which integrates and
agreements, covering
consolidates regional seas and coastal
both commercial and protection issues
International Process or Milestone
Oceans and Coasts Conference, Paris, December 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
Food Security
Description
Agreement on programme of action to implement Millennium Declaration targets, linked to biodiversity and
desertification programmes
International Process or Milestone
5 Year Review of World Food Summit, Rome, November 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
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Atmosphere
Description
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Extension of current MEAS on climate change, ozone, POPs to a more overarching agreement on protection of
the atmosphere, air pollution, standards for emissions. Possible linkage with ratification and implementation of
Kyoto protocol, and issues around energy
International Process or Milestone
-
CSD 10 and Prep Comms
COP 7 UNFCCC, Marrakesh, October – November 2001
13th MOP Montreal Protocol, October 2001
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
Desertification and land degradation
Description
Deepening global commitment to POA on desertification and land degradation, and revitalising UNCCD and
funding mechanism for UNCCD.
International Process or Milestone
CBD COP6 Hague (April 02)-COP5 UNCCD Geneva
Proposed Outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development Issues
Issue
Forests
Description
Agreement on a global programme of action to address the loss of the world’s forests and associated biodiversity,
linked to the broader sustainable development agenda
International Process or Milestone
CSD 10 and Prep Comms