Download Vietnam - HIA in ASEAN

HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN
VIETNAM
Prof. Nguyen Huy Nga, PhD.
Director General
Health Environment Management Agency
Ministry of Health of Vietnam
Head, Faculty of Environmental Health and
Occupational Health – Hanoi School of Public Health
Overview
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Introduction of challenges and risks
Policies and regulations of Vietnam on HIA
Institutionalization of HIA in Vietnam
Activities on HIA have been done in Vietnam
VIETNAM IN BRIEF
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China
Lao
Cambodia
East
Sea
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Location: Southeast Asia,
bordering China,
Laos, and Cambodia
Population: around
86,000,000 ranked 13th
among the most populous
countries in the world
Density: 244 p/km2
Growth rate: 1.1%
Nationalities: 54
RAPID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT
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Cement factories in each province with
foreign investment
Ships building
New seaports and airports
Mining: coal, titan, gold, iron, bauxite
Nuclear power plants
Consequences: environment damage, soil
pollution, air pollution, water pollution
AIR POLLUTION
RAPID TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
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More resorts and golf courts
More beachs and hotels
Migration of people to work in tourism
industry
Environment damage
Spreading of communicable diseases
ENVIRONMENT DAMAGE BY TOURISM
ENVIRONMENT DAMAGE BY TOURISM
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
THE NEW PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN
IN VIETNAM
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY
CHEMICALS
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“Orange agents” – dioxin as consequence
on the Vietnam war.
Intensive use of pesticides in agriculture
Dischages from chemical plants
Discharge from industry
Natural disasters in Vietnam
River floods
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
Storm surges
Impacts of climate change in Vietnam
- In Vietnam, over the past 50 years the average
temperature has increased 0.7 degrees C per year; sea
level has gone up to 20cm. El Nino and La Nina has been
causing more and more serious impacts to Vietnam.
Climate change has led to complex development in storms,
floods, droughts.
- If sea level rises 1m, around 10.8% of the population in
Vietnam will be affected. If it rises 5m, around 16% of
land surface and 35% of the population will be affected. It
is calculated that in 2010 average temperature in Vietnam
may going up to 30C and sea level may rise 1m, which
causes annual floods in areas of 40,000 km2 .
Flooding
Mood cleaning after flooding
DISINFECTION OF MARKET PLACE
AFTER FLOODING
Closer contact between human and poultry
is one of the reasons avian influenza (H5N1)
occurs
CLOSER HUMAN AND ANIMAL CONTACT:
ZOONOSIS: NIPAH, RABIES, …
Policies and regulations on HIA
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The Law on Environment Protection issued
in 1993 and the Decree of Vietnam
government guiding implementation of the
Law regulated HIA as a part of EIA.
However, there was no guideline on HIA in
Vietnam so that HIA was not implemented
comprehensively. It mainly concentrated on
assessing impacts on worker health.
Policies and regulations on HIA
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The Law on Environment Protection issued
in 2005, replacing the Law issued in 1993,
don’t regulate HIA as a part of environment
impact assessment. However, the Decree
No. 29/2011/ND-CP guiding implementation
of the Law regulates some articles relating to
HIA as parts of Enviromental Impact
Assessment report.
Policies and regulations on HIA
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The Law on Prevention and Control of
Infectious Diseases issued in 2007 regulates
that HIA must be done for projects on
building industrial zones, cities, health care
facilities for infectious patients.
Institutionalization of HIA in Vietnam
Health Environment Agency, a new department of
MOH which was established in May 2010, is the
focal point for HIA.
 The Agency is the official coordinator of
HIA
network in VN. In addition, it is responsible for:
- developing regulations on HIA
- developing a national action plan on HIA in VN;
- developing technical guidelines for HIA.
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Activities on HIA have been done
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A training course on HIA for MOH staff (2005),
Development of curriculum for Training-of Trainers (ToT)
courses (2006),
A ToT course (2007),
A technical workshop on HIA guidelines (2007),
MOH with support from WHO, Asian Development Bank
implemented a pilot HIA on the project of Song Bung 4
Hydroelectric plant (Quang Nam province) in 2007.
A HIA workshop (2008)
Two provincial courses on intersectoral HIA (2008).
Two provincial courses on intersectoral HIA (2011).
Thank you for your
attention