Download Amendment of the COM Proposal on the list of priority substances

European
Water Policy
Getting Europe‘s waters cleaner,
Getting the citizens more involved.
water.europa.eu
Water quality is a general problem
in many European countries, in addition
to water resources stress, in particular
in the southern part of Europe.
water.europa.eu
Diversity of
river basins
water.europa.eu
TITLE
water.europa.eu
Shared River Basins – example Danube
Danube river basin: 18 countries, 817.000 km2 catchment area
© World Bank
water.europa.eu
Quality Objectives
in the EU Water Policy
• ‘70s first Directives
Setting objectives (mostly chemical parameters) to protect certain uses:
•
– Bathing water
76/160/EEC
– Abstraction of drinking water
75/440/EEC
– Drinking water
80/778/EEC
– Fish life
78/659/EEC
– Shellfish
79/923/EEC
Other related Directives reduce and prevent pollution: nitrates from
agriculture, urban waste water treatment, dangerous substances)
• The Water Framework Directive
water.europa.eu
European Water Policy
• Water Framework Directive
(2000/60/EC)
• Completing the framework:
– Groundwater (2006/118/EC)
– Priority Substances (COM(2006)397 publication on going )
– Intercalibration (2005/646/EC publication on going,)
• Extending the scope:
– Floods Directive (2007/60/EC)
– Marine Strategy Directive (2008/56/EC)
– Communication on Water Scarcity and Droughts
(COM/2007/0414 final )
water.europa.eu
The Water Framework
Directive
•
•
•
•
Adopted in 2000
Applies to all Member States
Legally binding obligations
Repeals many existing pieces of EU
water policy,but
• Providing consolidation and
streamlining.
water.europa.eu
One coherent management frame
for all water-related legislation
Marine
strategy
Climate change
Drinking Water
Directive
Pesticides
Directive
Bathing Water
Directive
WFD
Groundwater
Env.
Impact
Assessment
Directive
Floods
objectives
and
programme of
measures
Habitats
Directive
Urban Waste
Water Directive
water.europa.eu
IPPC
Directive
Nitrates
Directive
Sewage Sludge
Directive
WFD
scope and main objective
• Scope :
– Inland, transitional, coastal waters and for chemical
status territorial waters
– Surface waters (rivers, lakes, artificial water bodies) &
Ground waters
• Good status in 2015
– Ecological status (Determined through intercalibration
exercise…)
– Chemical status (Priority substances, ongoing
negotiations on environmental quality standards)
– Quantiative status (ground water)
– No deterioration
– Exemptions, 1st time extension, then lowering
environmental objectives
water.europa.eu
The River Basin Concept
• All water bodies,
including transitional
waters (estuaries) and
coastal waters.
• Coastal waters are
defined as 1 nautical
WFD Covers
mile offshore.
all Water
• For chemical status
Bodies in a
the WFD also applies
River Basin
in territorial waters.
water.europa.eu
WFD - Key elements
• Protecting all waters, surface and ground waters
• Covering all impacts on waters.
• Water quality defined in terms of biology, chemistry and
morphology
• Water management at river basin level
• Definition of river basin management plans, including
programmes of measures
• Cost Recovery and Equitable Charging
• Public Participation
• Attention paid to socio-economic impacts through a process of
duly justified exemptions
water.europa.eu
The Urban Waste Water
Treatment Directive
Council Directive
91/271/EEC of 21 May
1991,
as amended by Commission
Directive 98/15/EC of 27
February 1998
water.europa.eu
UWWTD - Generalities
• Objectives: to protect the environment from the
adverse effects of urban waste water discharges &
discharges from waste water from certain
industrial (agro-food) sectors
• Concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of
waste waters
• Emission-oriented directive
• Precondition for attaining the water quality
objectives of the Water Framework Directive
water.europa.eu
UWWTD - Generalities
FoodAgro-food
processing
WWTP
WWT Plant
Agro-food
>4,000p.e.
Pre-TR
UWWT
Plant
water.europa.eu
UWWTD – Agglomeration
• Sufficiently concentrated area
• Independant of the existence of a collecting system or a
UWWTP
• Does not coincide necessarily with administrative
borders
• Guidance document on key terms and concepts :
« Terms and definitions of the Urban Waste Water
Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) »
• Clear map (1/25,000 ) should be provided
water.europa.eu
UWWTD - Main principles
• Designation of sensitive areas (eutrophication)
• Collection and treatment of waste water in all settlements areas
and areas of economic activity (‘ agglomerations ’) of more than
2,000 population-equivalent (p.e.), and treatment of waste water
from agro-food industry >4000 p.e.;
• Secondary treatment as the rule; additional nutrient removal in the
(catchments of) sensitive areas;
• Deadlines
for EU-15 : staged 1998-2000-2005
for EU-12 : staged along similar principles as for EU15 (maximum
2015 for small agglomerations; Romania until 2018)
• Permit procedure for treatment plants and discharges
• Monitoring of performance on treatment plants and affected waters;
water.europa.eu
UWWTD Implementation Status
• EU-15 (4th implementation report, 2002)
– Estimate : 22,000 agglomerations > 2,000 p.e. (550 M p.e.)
– 8,200 agglomerations (470 M p.e) > 10,000/15,000 p.e. subject to 1998 and
2000 deadlines
– Unsufficient designation of sensitive areas (situation improved in 2007)
– Compliance rate with required treatment level :
• 79% in normal areas
• 84% in sensitive areas
• EU-12 (according to Implementation Programmes)
– 6,600 agglomerations > 2,000 p.e. ( 120 M p.e.)
– Compliance rate for all agglomerations: +/- 40% by dates of Accession
water.europa.eu
UWWTD – Useful links
-Terms and definitions of the UWWTD :
http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/env/wfd/library?l=/framework_
directive/treatment_directive/definitions160107pdf/_EN_1.0_&a=d
UWWTD Implementation Reports :
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/waterurbanwaste/implementation/implementationreports_en.htm
-DG ENV Water website :
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/index_en.htm
water.europa.eu
water.europa.eu
Slide 20
Climate Change
and Water
Successful adaptation to climate change will depend
on the extent to which the issue is integrated:
into the implementation of national and European
water regulation
and
into other sectoral policies (agriculture, energy,
etc.).
water.europa.eu
Climate Change
and Water
Impact on:
 River flows
 Groundwater (recharge rates)
 Sea-level rise
 Floods
 Droughts
 Water quality
water.europa.eu
Water Scarcity & Drought
Droughts
Water scarcity
Temporary decrease in water
availability due – for instance
– to rainfall deficiency
Water demand for human activities
exceeds water resources available
and the natural recharge
 Natural phenomenon
 Human-driven phenomenon
Impacts of droughts
 in case of water scarcity
Impacts of water scarcity
 in case of drought
water.europa.eu
Water Scarcity & Drought
1. Increasing impacts of water scarcity and droughts in past 30 years
Droughts
Water scarcity
EU area affected by droughts in the last 30 years
1400000
1200000
1000000
km²
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Cost to the EU economy:
Min € 100 billion in past 30 years
In 2003:
Min 100 Mio inhab., 1/3 of EU territory
Cost of € 8.7 billion to the EU economy
33 EU river basins affected so far
Min 100 Mio inhab., 17% of EU territory
Significant extension in past 30 years
water.europa.eu
2. Expected impacts of climate change and economic development
Proportion of severe water stress
EU river basins likely to increase
from 19% today to 35% by 2070.
Areas affected by droughts
will increase.
If t° rises by 2 to 3°C, water
scarcity would affect 1.1 to 3.2
billion people
Southern Europe
Eastern Central Europe
water.europa.eu
Climate Change
and Water
Climate change is not explicitly included in the text
of the Water Framework Directive.
However, the step-wise and cyclical approach of the
WFD makes it well suited to handle climate change.
water.europa.eu
WFD and Water Scarcity & Drought
1. adoption of river basin management plans and programmes of measures
by the end of 2009.
 In-depth analysis of the measures planned at MS level to address water
quantity issues
2. Obligation to deliver by 2010 water pricing policies that provide adequate
incentives for efficient water use
 Assessment of adequacy of economic instruments and water pricing with
water scarcity and drought concerns
water.europa.eu
EU Water Hierarchy
 Water savings and water demand management must be the priority
Additional water supply infrastructures to be considered only once water
demand options are exhausted, and considering their impacts on the environment
(GHG emissions in particular).
Water savings
Potential for water savings in the EU is estimated as follows (NB in the
Mediterranean countries, the potential in agriculture tends to be higher):
• Agriculture: 43%
• Public Water Supply: 47%
• Household Use (from public supplies): 25%
•Industry: 43%
• Energy (switch to dry cooling where possible): 99%
• Tourism: 38%
water.europa.eu
Water Scarcity & Drought
Policy Options
Putting the right price tag on water
Allocating water and water-related funding more
efficiently
Improving drought risk management
Fostering water efficient technologies and practices
Building additional water supply infrastructures
Changes in land use planning
water.europa.eu
EU- Central Asia
regional cooperation on Water
•
WFD is an example of best
practice in water managementIts approach and methodology
could usefully transferred to the
EECCA countries. Most CA
countries in favour of EU
harmonisation, which is
perceived as a vehicle for
further economic growth.
•
EU could serve as a facilitator
to help our CA partners to
gradually find better common
water management
arrangements by sharing
lessons learned and best
practices from our Member
States.
water.europa.eu
EU Water Initiative for EECCA
EU- CA cooperation in the field of Water
• Key water problems are addressed through
two thematic pillars:
• Water supply and sanitation, including
financing of water infrastructures
• Integrated water resources management,
including trans-boundary river basin
management and regional seas.
water.europa.eu
EU provide:
• Support in the identification of projects
to be included in the future cooperative
programs with EECCA countries.
• Support in developing of the EU Water
Initiative through National Policy
Dialogs
water.europa.eu
EUWI
EU
WATER INITIATIVE
http://www.euwi.net
water.europa.eu
water.europa.eu
UWWTD - Load of an agglomeration
– Expressed in population-equivalent (p.e.)
– Includes:
• Resident population (inhabitants)
• Non resident population (i.e. tourism)
• Economic activities
• Industrial activities covered by Art 11 (pretreatment)
• Seasonal variations
– Calculated on the basis of the delineation of the agglomeration.
Does not depend on existence of collecting system or UWWTP.
– Growth/decrease in population, industrial discharges,… to be
anticipated
water.europa.eu
UWW collection
– Collection rate : between 95-100% (of the load of the
agglomeration)
– Design, construction and maintenance in accordance with best
technical knowledge and cost-benefit considerations, notably
regarding
• volume and characteristics of wastewater
• prevention of leaks in collecting systems
• pollution from stormwater overflows
water.europa.eu
UWW collection
– Individual appropriate systems (IAS) can be used as an
exception. However they have to provide the same level of
environmental protection.
– In case of industries discharging into the collecting systems :
• Pre-treatment needed to protect installations and staff
• Prior regulation and/or specific authorisation
• Pollution management programme to be provided (inventory,
actions, deadlines)
water.europa.eu
UWW treatment
– Secondary treatment (reduction of organic pollution)
• as a general rule (agglo > 15,000 p.e. first)
• Requirements in table 1 of Annex 1
– More stringent treatment (so-called tertiary treatment)
• In sensitive areas (and their catchment)
• Mostly for agglomerations above 10,000 p.e.
• For eutrophication → Advanced N and P removal (requirements in
table 2 of Annex 1)
• For drinking water abstraction → NO3 < 50 mg/l
• For fulfillment of other EU Directive → e.g. disinfection for bathing
waters or shellfish waters
– Monitoring and control to be put in place (i.e. laboratory
capacity)
water.europa.eu
UWWTD – Industries effluents
• Applies only to agro-food industries above a threshold of
4,000 p.e.)
• Subject to prior regulation and/or specific authorisation
• Setting of appropriate requirements by Member States in
permits
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Milk-processing
Fruit and vegetable
products
Soft drinks
Potato-processing
Meat industry
Breweries
7.
Alcohol and alcoholic
beverages
8. Animal feed from plant
products
9. Gelatine, glue from hides,
skin and bones
10. Malt-houses
11. Fish-processing
water.europa.eu
Sludge management
– Sewage sludge is the most important by-product of waste
water treatment
– Options for sludge use: agriculture, landfill, incineration…
– Sludge management is linked to UWW treatment (volume and
quality of sludge)
– Sludge management programme to be anticipated/developped
when designing the UWW infrastructure
– Clear option for sludge management - to be included in the
project application
water.europa.eu