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Atmospheric research at the Belgian
institute for Space Aeronomy
– 20 years after ATLAS-1
Focus on space – based research
Martine De Mazière
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Evolution of
technology
Evolution of
needs
Evolution of
activities
Increased satellite
capabilities
Environmental
concerns have grown
also lower atmosphere,
interplanetary space, other
solar system objects
Evolution of scientific EO satellite
fleet and technology
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Courtesy: J.C. Lambert (adapted)
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
(50x55x32 cm3)
(< 40 kg)
(< 28 W/orbit)
Large (7000x180 cm3)
Heavy (128 kg)
high power
ALTIUS microsatellite
PICASSO: cubesat
Small (10x10x30 cm3)
Lightweight (< 4 kg)
low power (< 7W)
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Short-term
poor coverage
Strong focus on global, long-term studies
in the context of ‘Global Changes’
3 years of ACE
SR
SS
M. De Mazière
long-term, more
global coverage
Spaceweek 2012
1D models
3D CTM
GCM
4D VAR data assimilation
Inverse modeling
MIPAS
BASCOE
ozone
model
MACC, Monitoring
Atmospheric
Composition and
Climate
Earth system modelling
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Let’s stroll through some research
topics…..
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Air Quality ….
1997-2002
Formaldehyde
• Oxydation product of
CH4 and VOC, from
biogenic and
anthropogenic origin
2003-2010
• Pyrogenic emissions
product
De Smedt et al., GRL, 2010
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
…and trends
H2CO annual trend [1014 molec.cm-2 yr-1]: 1997-2010
» Large positive trends in Chinese and Indian megacities.
» Negative trends over Tokyo, London, Paris.
» Negative trends over Eastern United States cities.
» but positive trends over Los Angeles and Phoenix.
De Smedt et al., GRL, 2010
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Inverse modelling:
Monthly NO2 columns: models versus observations
GOME
A priori and optimized emissions
Courtesy: J.F. Müller & T. Stavrakou
SCIAMACHY
A priori
A posteriori
Stratosphere : Ozone
BIRA-IASB is responsible for Stratospheric Ozone Service in
MACC @ macc.aeronomie.be:
S. Chabrillat
et al.
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Stratosphere : ALTIUS
PI: D. Fussen
Atmospheric Limb Tracker for the Investigation of the
Upcoming Stratosphere
Satellite mission proposed by BIRA-IASB, supported by
BelSPo and funded by PRODEX.
Industrial partners : OIP (P/L) and QinetiQ Space (P/F)
Mission goals:
 Measurements of atmospheric
trace gases concentration
profiles with global coverage in
3 days and ~500 m spatial
sampling from UT/LS to US.
 Target species : O3, NO2, CH4,
H2O, BrO, PSC, aerosols, ..
Current status : Phase B
M. De Mazière
AOTF and polarizers
Limb/Solar/Stellar
aperture
CMOS detector
Spaceweek 2012
Climate Change
BIRA-IASB is involved in 3 out of the 4 ESA Climate Change
Initiative projects dealing with atmospheric Essential Climate
Variables: O3, aerosol, greenhouse gases.
Objective:
to exploit the long-term Earth Observation Data from (ESA)
satellites to generate climate-relevant data records
e.g.,
homogenised
total O3 column
record
Coord.: M. Van Roozendael
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Climate and aerosol
Aerosol CCI Project: Stratospheric Aerosol Product
AerGom Seasonally and zonally averaged extinction profiles (550 nm)
Courtesy:
GOMOS
C. Bingen,
C. Robert
Kasatochi
volcano
PSC
[km-1]
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Plasmasphere and magnetosphere
Cluster mission
Auroral zone
Magnetopause
Magnetospheric
composition
Plasmasphere
J. De Keyser et al.
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Planetary and cometary atmospheres
SOIR/VEX  NOMAD: Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery
Mission goals:
characterization of sources &
seasonal cycles of many
species and particulates:
 Methane and its
isotopologues
 Species related to the
CH4 chemistry (C2H2 ,
C2H4 , C2H6 , H2CO, …)
 H2O/HDO
 CO
 O3 , SO2
 Clouds, dust
 Albedo
Vertical profiling - Mapping
M. De Mazière
PI: A.C. Vandaele
LNO IR
UVVIS
SO IR
to nadir
to sun
Science supported by Global Mars
Spaceweek 2012
Multiscale Model
PICASSO
Pico-Satellite for Atmospheric and Space Science Observations
BIRA-IASB and KSB-ORB
A strategic project
 to demonstrate / verify use of cubesat technology for in-situ
and remote sensing studies of atmospheres
 To acquire experience with cubesat technology and miniature
payloads
PICASSO is a triple CubeSat
embarking 3 scientific instruments:
 VISION, a visible and nearinfrared hyper-spectral imager
(BIRA-IASB)
 mNLP, a multi-Needle Langmuir
Probe (BIRA-IASB)
 μBOS, a micro-Bolometer
Oscillation System (KSB-ORB)
M. De Mazière
Part of QB50 project
Spaceweek 2012
Solar spectral irradiance
SOLarSPECtrum onboard
the ISS
Mission goals:
 refurbish the
instrument and to adapt
it for a long term
mission (2008-2016),
 to extend the
wavelength coverage
(166 – 3088 nm)
 to reduce the
uncertainties on the
measurements.
Courtesy: D. Bolsée
Operations were performed
successfully by B.USOC
M. De Mazière
Composite UV-VIS-NIR Solar
spectrum corresponding to the
quiet sun period (beginning of
cycle 24)
200
nm
Spaceweek 2012
3000
Space Weather
Several projects:
SPENVIS, ESWeP, COMESEP,
SEPEM,…
Courtesy: M. Kruglanski
Current collaborations:
 KSB-ORB
 Industrial partners
 NASA Space Weather Center
 European scientific expert
groups
BIRA-IASB and KSB-ORB are
key players in the Space
Weather component of the ESA
Space Situational Awareness
programme
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
Courtesy: N. Theys & H. Brenot
Eyjafjallajökull
Conclusion
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012
The research at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy
has very much evolved since the time of ATLAS-1, hand in
hand with the evolution of (space) technology and the needs
in Earth Observation
There is a strong focus on space-based research but….
Involvement in
 ground- and airborne observations
 for validation of satellite measurements
 for long-term high-quality monitoring
 laboratory and field experiments
 for gathering spectroscopic data
 process studies and better knowledge of chemical
reactions in the atmosphere
 for emission measurements
 ….
 modelling and theoretical studies
Indispensable
M. De Mazière for interpreting space-borne observations
Spaceweek 2012
Thank you for your presence and your attention
M. De Mazière
Spaceweek 2012