Download 1.Tissues and Endo Notes

Body Organization
Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System - Body
Tissues: cells that perform a job
Tissue Types
1. Connective – Blood, Bone, Cartilage, Adipose (fat),
Ligaments, & Tendons
2. Nervous – sends & receives messages or
impulses (brain, spinal cord)
3. Epithelial – Skin
4. Muscle-skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Skeletal System
Ligaments – join bones to other bones
Cartilage - soft portion on the tips of all
bones & in the nose and ears (doesn’t
contain calcium)
Skeletal System Functions
1. support
2. protection
3. produces blood cells
Joints
- where bones meet
-joints can be movable and immovable
Where are immovable joints?
Four major types of joints:
1. Hinge – elbow, knee, and ankle
2. Pivot – neck
3. Ball-and-socket – hip and shoulder
4. Gliding – carpal and tarsal bones
Cartilage & synovial fluid (the WD40 of your body) keep joints
moving smoothly
Skeletal System problems
Sprain – A stretch or tear of a ligament
Arthritis – when joints become swollen
or painful
Rheumatoid arthritis –
cartilage becomes
swollen. Eventually it is
replaced by bone, which
fuses & prevents
movement
Osteoarthritis – when
cartilage wears away &
bones rub together
Osteoporosis – a person
loses bone density
(usually begins around
40)
More common in women
because they lose their
ability to absorb Calcium
efficiently when they
have children
THANK YOU MOM!!
The Muscle System
-more than 600 muscles (35-45% of body weight)
Functions of Muscle System
1. Movement – main function
2. Digestion, Breathing, Heart Beating etc
3. Protection of internal organs
4. Sitting & Standing
Muscles only pull a bone
Muscles CANNOT push a bone
This is why muscles act in
pairs
One muscle to extend
One muscle to bend
Muscle Types
1. Skeletal Muscles – move bones attached directly to
bones or by a tendon
2. Smooth Muscle – found in organs (digestive tract,
arteries, respiratory system)
3. Cardiac Muscle – heart muscle
Smooth and Cardiac are both involuntary
What does involuntary mean?
Muscle Problems
Shin Splints – swelling of tendons on the inside
front of the lower leg,
- Muscle strain
- Overuse injury
Muscle Cramps – a muscle can’t relax
Muscular Dystrophy – muscle tissue
degenerates & is replaced by fatty
tissue
Its SKIN!
Did you know????
Your skin is the largest organ in your body!