Download Muscle Injuries *Symptoms *Classification of Injuries

Muscle Injuries
*Symptoms
*Classification
of Injuries
SHMD 249
9/05/2013
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Injury Timeline
INJURY
DOCTOR
PHYSIO
BIOKINETICIST
X-Ray
Massage
Exercise
Therapy
Ultrasound
ROM
RETURN TO
SPORT
MAINTENANCE
REHAB
Ultra-sound
therapy
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Classification of Injuries
• 3 degrees of severity of injury:
1. First degree:
•
least severe
•
Minor stretching of ligaments/tendons/muscle
•
Mild pain
•
Some swelling & joint stiffness
•
Very little loss of joint stability
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Classification of Injuries
2. Second degree:
•
Moderate stretching & tearing of some ligaments/tendons/muscle
•
Increased swelling & pain
•
Increased loss of range of motion
•
Moderate loss of joint stability
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Classification of Injuries
3. Third degree:
•
Most severe
•
Complete tear/rupture of one or more ligaments/tendons/muscle
•
Massive swelling & severe pain
•
Complete loss of range of motion
•
Complete loss of joint stability
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Classification of Injuries
• Traumatic Injuries
This injury is the result of a specific incident
and it occurs immediately.
• Overuse Injuries
This injury is the result of unaccustomed or
excessive, repetitive movements or
activities.
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Classification of Injuries
• There are common causes of overuse injuries:
– Poor general fitness and flexibility
– Using incorrect techniques while performing certain activity
– Unprepared, sudden increase or change in activity
– Poor environment or unsuitable equipment
– And the most common causes of soft tissue
injury are: too much, too often, too soon.
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Symptoms
• Pain & swelling most common symptoms – cause decreased
functionality.
• Bruising can also be expected.
• Swelling & bruising are the result of ruptured blood vessels,
and this will in turn produce heat & inflammation.
• Injured area may look red & feel hot as blood vessels in
damaged area dilate.
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Symptoms
• Inflammation:
– Is the body’s protection mechanism.
– Stops/restricts movement to prevent further damage from occurring
while the body repairs itself.
– Prevents ‘toxins’ from spreading throughout the rest of the body.
• Too much of an inflammatory response in the early stage can mean
that the healing process takes longer and a return to activity is
delayed.
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Repair
• 12 hours – 4 days:
– Body’s clotting mechanism seals the end of torn blood vessels
so that further blood plasma cannot escape into surrounding
tissues.
– Cells become active & new capillary blood vessels buds form &
gradually establish a new circulation in the area.
– Absorption of swelling.
– Removal of debris and blood clot.
– Development of initial fibrous scar tissue.
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Scar Tissue
• Damaged tissue is repaired by ‘scar tissue’.
• Scar tissue has ‘plastic’ properties: it can be stretched & ‘molded’.
• Scar is not elastic like muscle & will form in a haphazard pattern: ‘kinks &
curls’ which will contract & shorten if not stretched daily for a few months
after injury.
• Very important for scar tissue to be stretched and from parallel ‘lines’ to
give the muscle strength.
• Stretching ensures the scar is molded to the desired length & improve the
strength of the healed ‘scar’.
• Thus reducing the risk of re-injury.
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Psychological Response To
Injury
• Response varies:
– From person to person.
– Within an individual alone.
• Depending on when injury occurs:
– Start/middle of training season.
– During major competition.
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Psychological Response To
Injury
• Early Reactions:
– Shock
– Disbelief
• Followed by further responses:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Denial
Anger
Depression
Tension
Helplessness
Acceptance
Adaptation
Re-organization
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