Download BIOMECHANICS APPLICATIONS

Common Training Targets
1. Muscular Strength --> Force
2. Muscular Power
--> Force x velocity
3. Local Muscular Endurance
4. Cardiovascular Endurance
5. Flexibility
Neural Adaptations in Training
Major factor in improved performances
intramuscular coordination results in higher rates
of firing motor units
avoid developing hypertrophy in non-specific
motor units
Specificity of Training
Replicate and Simulate the exact movement:
1. _______
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
CONCENTRIC, ECCENTRIC, ISOMETRIC
Training for Ballistic Movements
Muscles are required to shorten faster than the
speed at which the body segment moves
Strength training at accelerated rates via:
1. Assisted “Over-speed” work
2. underweight and overweight implements
3. Eccentric work using antagonists
Strength of Muscle Contraction Factors
Angle of pull changes through ROM
Muscle FA changes through ROM
Resistance FA changes throughout
Length/Tension Relationship
Velocity/Tension Relationship
Momentum
Fatigue
RESISTANCE MACHINES
“Bowflex”
“Universal Gym”
Resistance Machines
convenient
minimal coordination
minimal stabilization
varied restricted ROM
Free Weights
less convenient
balance/coordination
must stabilize
larger ROM
“Bowflex” advantages:
1. use of stabilizers required
2. considerable ROM
Resistance Machines
with
ROM Varied Resistance
FIG 8.5 page 253
use of cams
(kidney-shaped wheel)
designed to alter
Torques throughout
ROM
ISOKINETIC
Same speed of movement
a specific speed of movement
can be set
increased F does NOT
accelerate movement
FIG 8.6a on page 254 
Cybex machine to diagnose
muscle weaknesses
STRENGTH
ability to develop high level of Force
Neural Adaptations in Strength gains:
1. recruit more motor units
2. increase firing frequency of motor units
3. improve synchronization of firings
Types of Muscle Strength
Isometric
Dynamic
Changing length
Same length
moveable resistance
immovable resistance
Stimulus:
Stimulus:
5-6 RM (repetition maximum)
3-6 second contractions
1RM = maximum load
gains specific to actions
gains specific to angle
as well as tension
as well as tension
Competitive Weight Lifting: Strength & Power
Women’s 53kg/130lb class Clean & Jerk 108kg/267lb
Parallel Squat
High tension
biarticulate motion
less stress on knee
stress on V.C.
more simulates sport
motions
Seated Knee Ext.
Less tension
uniarticulate motion
more stress on knee
No stress on V.C.
less simulates sport
motions
studies cited (page 260)
regarding rehab