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Lesson
3
The Muscular System
How can you keep your muscles flexible and strong?
Proper warm-up and stretching
before and cool-down after any
physical activity keeps your
muscles flexible and strong.
Lesson
3
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
• Describe the functions of the muscular system
• Examine the different types of muscles in the body and
the effects of health behaviors on the muscular system
• List problems of the muscular system
Lesson
3
Functions of the Muscular System
Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles
• When you sleep, muscles help you breathe, make your heart
beat, and move food through your digestive system.
• These involuntary processes happen without your
consciously controlling them.
• When you play the piano or a video game, you are using
muscles that are under conscious, or voluntary, control.
• Without the use of both voluntary and involuntary muscles,
you would be unable to perform any of these activities.
Lesson
3
Structure of the Muscular System
Nerve Impulses and Muscle Fibers
• A muscle is made up of hundreds of long cells called fibers.
• Muscles work by means of two complementary, or opposing,
actions—contraction and extension.
• Muscle contraction is triggered by nerve impulses.
• Some nerves provide impulses for many muscle fibers.
• In other areas, a single nerve may provide impulses to only
two or three muscle fibers.
Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
Smooth muscles can be found in the
lining of the blood vessels, the
digestive tract, the passageways that
lead into the lungs, and the bladder.
Smooth muscles are under involuntary
control.
Lesson
3
Structure of the Muscular System
Muscle Contraction and Bone Movement
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Lesson
3
Structure of the Muscular System
Care of the Muscular System
• Regular physical activity is the best way to keep your
muscles strong and healthy.
• Regular physical activity helps keep muscles toned and
healthy.
• Practicing good posture strengthens back muscles.
• Wearing safety equipment and appropriate clothing can
protect muscles during physical activity.
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Injury-Related Muscle Problems
Bruise
Muscle
Strain/Sprain
Tendonitis
Hernia
Muscular
Dystrophy
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Bruise
• A bruise is an area of discolored skin that appears after an
injury causes the blood vessels beneath the skin to rupture
and leak.
• Swelling can be reduced with an ice pack.
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Muscle Strain or Sprain
• A strained muscle results when a muscle is stretched or
partially torn as a result of overexertion.
• Strains are usually treated by using the R.I.C.E. (rest, ice,
compression, elevation) procedure.
• A sprain is an injury to the ligament in a joint, and it
requires medical treatment.
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Tendonitis
• Tendonitis can be caused by injury, overuse, or aging.
• Treatment includes rest, anti-inflammatory medication, or
ultrasound.
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Hernia
• A hernia can result from straining to lift a heavy object.
• Hernia repair usually requires surgery.
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Muscular Dystrophy
• Muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder in which
skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed.
• There is no cure, but with early detection muscle
weakness can be delayed through exercise programs.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Muscles work independently of
True
other body systems.
False
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. False. Muscles work with respiratory,
cardiovascular, and digestive systems.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. A type of striated muscle that
forms the wall of the heart is
called:
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Long muscle
3. Smooth muscle
4. Cardiac muscle
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. 4. Cardiac muscle
The cardiac muscle is responsible for the
contraction of the heart and is the most
important part of the cardiovascular system.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Problems of the muscular
system include:
1. Tendonitis
2. Muscle strains and
sprains
3. Bruises
4. Hernia
5. All of the above
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. 4. All of the above.
The problems of muscular system include all of
the following: tendonitis, muscle strains and
sprains, bruises, and hernia.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
End of Lesson 3
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Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
Smooth muscles can be found in the
Smooth
lining of the blood vessels,
the
muscles are that
digestive tract, the passageways
that act on
lead into the lungs, muscles
and the bladder.
the lining of
and
Smooth muscles arepassageways
under involuntary
internal organs.
control.
Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
Skeletal
Most of your muscle tissue
is made up of
muscles
skeletal muscle, and
almostare
all skeletal
attached to bone
muscles are under voluntary control.
and cause body
Skeletal muscles often work together,
movements.
undergoing opposing actions to produce
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing
skeletal muscles.
Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
Most of your muscle tissue is made up of
skeletal muscle, and almost all skeletal
The flexor
muscles are under voluntary control.
is the muscle
Skeletal
muscles
that closes
a often work together,
undergoing
opposing actions to produce
joint.
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing
skeletal muscles.
Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
Most of your muscle tissue is made up of
skeletal muscle, and almost all skeletal
The
muscles are under voluntary control.
extensor is the
Skeletal muscles often work together,
muscle that
undergoing opposing
actions
to produce
opens
a joint.
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing
skeletal muscles.
Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
The involuntary cardiac muscles are
responsible for the contraction of your
heart.
Cardiac
The heartmuscle
contracts
about
is a rhythmically
type of
100,000 striated
times each
day to pump blood
muscle
throughout
your
body.
that
forms
the wall
of the heart.
Lesson
3
Structure of the Muscular System
Care of the Muscular System
• Regular physical activity is the best way to keep your
muscles strong and healthy.
• Regular physical activity helps keep muscles toned and
healthy.
Muscle tone
• Practicing good posture
strengthens
is the
natural back muscles.
tension in the
• Wearing safety equipment and appropriate clothing can
fibers of a
protect muscles during physical activity.
muscle.
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Tendonitis
• Tendonitis can be caused by injury, overuse, or aging.
Tendonitis is
• Treatment includes rest, anti-inflammatory medication, or
the inflammation
ultrasound.
of a tendon.
Lesson
3
Problems of the Muscular System
Hernia
• A hernia can result from straining to lift a heavy object.
• Hernia repair usually requires surgery.
A hernia
occurs when an
organ or tissue
protrudes through
an area of weak
muscle.
Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
Most of your muscle tissue is made up of
skeletal muscle, and almost all skeletal
muscles are under voluntary control.
Skeletal muscles often work together,
undergoing opposing actions to produce
movement.
Flexor and extensor are opposing
skeletal muscles.
Lesson
Structure of the Muscular System
3
Types of Muscles
Smooth
Muscles
Skeletal
Muscles
Cardiac
Muscles
The involuntary cardiac muscles are
responsible for the contraction of your
heart.
The heart contracts rhythmically about
100,000 times each day to pump blood
throughout your body.
Lesson
Quick Review - Answer
3
A. Correct! Muscles work with respiratory, cardiovascular,
and digestive systems.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! The cardiac muscle is responsible for the
contraction of the heart and is the most important part of
the cardiovascular system.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
Quick Review - Answer
3
A. Correct! All of the above.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
3
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.