Download The Skeletal System

Science Sponge
• What are the names of some of the diseases
of the bone?
• What are the names of the three types of
joints? What movement do they generally
support?
• Have you started studying your bones?
Science Sponge
• What are some of the topics that you think
will be on the unit test?
• How will you prepare?
Science Sponge
• What are the names of the two types of
bone? What are the functions of each?
• Where is the largest bone located in your
body?
• At what age will your bones officially stop
growing?
Science Sponge
Do bones remain the same?
How do bones “know” when
to stop growing? What
happens when they don’t?
The Skeletal System
Life Science
The Skeletal System!
Our First Line of Defense
Cells (Osteocytes)
Tissues (Osseous Tissue)
Organs (Bones)
Systems (Skeletal)
Major Functions of the Skeletal
System
• Bones support, protect, and
work with your muscles so that
you can move. Also responsible
for red blood cell production.
Two Types of Osseous Tissue
1. Compact bone- dense bone,
solid, more on surface of bone,
no visible open spaces
Function: tiny canals contain
blood vessels
Two Types of Osseous Tissue
2. Spongy Bone- bone that has
tiny open spaces
Function: provides strength
and support for the bone, can
withstand stress
Bone Development
• Skeleton begins to develop at 6
weeks after conception, embryo
is only 12 mm (0.5 in ) long.
• Bone growth continues through
the age of 25 yrs.
• Bone is continuously remodeled
or reshaped.
When bones don’t stop growing!
Acromegaly?
Diseases of Bone Growth
• Gigantism – overproduction of growth
hormone before puberty, growth plates still
open; pituitary tumor.
• Acromegaly – overproduction of growth
hormone after puberty, growth plates closed
but abnormal growth of cartilage and small
bones.
• Marfan’s Syndrome – excessive cartilage at
plates that is weak; blood vessels are not as
elastic; genetic.
Marfan’s Syndrome?
Achondroplasia
Diseases of Bone Growth
• Achondroplasia :cartilage within
the epiphyseal plates grow
extremely slow; affects
appendicular skeleton more than
axial skeleton.
Normal
Spongy Bone
Osteoporotic
Spongy Bone
The Skeletal System
Ms. Cassagnol’s
TAG Life Science….
So Interesting!!!!
The Skeletal System
How many bones do women
and men have?
Two Divisions:
Axial Skeletonbones of skull,
vertebral column,
ribs, and
sternum- 80
bones
Appendicular
Skeletonbones of limbs,
pectoral and pelvic
girdles; attach the
limbs to the trunk
of the body.
Classification of Bones
1. Long bones- long, slender shapes
(femur, phalanges)
2. Short bones- boxlike (carpal and
tarsal bones)
3. Flat bones- thin, flat bones
(sternum, ribs, scapula, parietal)
Classification of Bones
4. Irregular bones- complex
shapes, notched or ridged
surfaces
5. Sesamoid- like a sesame seed,
small, flat, and inside joints
Classification of Bones
6. Sutural bones- small, flat,
irregular bones of skull (sutural
bone in skull)
Short Bones
?
Carpals
Bones of the Skull
Vertebra (ae) = irregular
bones
The Patella (ae) = a sesamoid bone
Sesamoid Bone in Hand
A Sesamoid Bone
Other
Sesamoid
Bones!
Many Irregular, Flat, and Sutural
Function of Muscles
•
•
•
•
Produce movement
Maintain posture
Stabilize joints
Generate heat
Muscular System
• Muscle-an organ
that contracts and
gets shorter- this
provides the force
to move your body
parts.
Muscle Control
• Voluntary muscles- muscles
that you are able to control.
• Examples are leg and arm
muscles
• Involuntary Muscles- you can
not move them consciously.
They just keep working
Examples- heart
The Muscular System
Muscles are responsible for all
types of body movement
Three basic muscle types are
found in the body:
1.Skeletal muscle
2.Cardiac muscle
3.Smooth muscle
3 types of muscles
• Smooth Muscles- the muscles of internal
organs and blood vessels; muscles move
involuntary.
• Cardiac Muscle- Found only in the heart
and also involuntary.
• Skeletal Muscles- Are voluntary and help
you move.
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics
• Most are attached
by tendons to
bones
Why do I need tendons?
Tendons attach my muscles to my bone
helping my body move.
Feel your tendon right above
your heel in the back of your
leg.
This is the thickest tendon in your body.
Diseases of the Muscular
System
• Muscular Dystrophy: caused by the
improper digestion of food which does not
let the muscle produce the proper amount of
energy. The muscle will waste away and not
allow movement.