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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky
The Muscular System
Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
10
Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View
 The 40 superficial
muscles here are divided
into 10 regional areas of
the body
Figure 10.4b
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Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View
 The 27 superficial
muscles here are divided
into seven regional areas
of the body
Figure 10.5b
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Muscles: Name, and Action
 Name and description of the muscle – be alert to
information about the muscle given in the name
 Origin and insertion – there is always a joint between the
origin and insertion
 Action – best learned by acting out a muscle’s movement on
one’s own body
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Muscles of the Face
Figure 10.6
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Muscles of Mastication
Figure 10.7a
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat
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Figure 10.8a
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Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Anterior
Figure 10.9a
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Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Posterior
Figure 10.9b
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Deep Back Muscles
1
8
2
3
7
6
5
4
Figure 10.9d
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Muscles of Respiration
 The primary function of
deep thoracic muscles is
to promote movement
for breathing
 External intercostals –
more superficial layer
that lifts the rib cage and
increases thoracic
volume to allow
inspiration
Figure 10.10a
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Muscles of Respiration
 Internal intercostals –
deeper layer that aids in
forced expiration
 Diaphragm – most
important muscle in
inspiration
Figure 10.10a
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Muscles of Respiration: The Diaphragm
Figure 10.10b
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
8
7
9
6
1
5
4
3
2
Figure 10.11a
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Figure 10.11b
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Figure 10.11c
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Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
9
1
2
8
3
7
4
5
6
Figure 10.13a
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Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles
Figure 10.13b
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Figure 10.14a
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Figure 10.14d
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Muscles Crossing the Shoulder
Figure 10.14c
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Muscles Crossing the Elbow
Forearm extension
 The triceps brachii is the prime mover of forearm
extension
Forearm flexion
 Brachialis and biceps brachii are the chief forearm
flexors
 The brachioradialis acts as a synergist and helps
stabilize the elbow
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Muscles of the Forearm
 The two functional forearm muscle groups are: those that cause
wrist movement, and those that move the fingers and the thumb
 These muscles insert via strong ligaments called flexor
retinacula and extensor retinacula
 Anteriomedial compartment - flexors and pronators
 Posterolateral compartment - extensors and supinator
 The pronator teres and pronator quadratus are not flexors, but
pronate the forearm
 The supinator muscle is a synergist with the biceps brachii in
supinating the forearm
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Forearm:
Superficial
Anterior
Compartment
 These muscles are
primarily flexors
of the wrist and
fingers and
pronators
4
3
5
2
1
6
8
7
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Figure 10.15a
Forearm: Deeper Anterior Compartment
1
2
6
3
4
Deep
5
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Deepest
Figure 10.15b, c
Forearm:
Superficial
Posterior
Compartment
 These muscles are
primarily extensors of
the wrist and fingers
1
9
2
8
7
3
4
5
6
Figure 10.16a
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Forearm:
Deep
Posterior
Compartment
 These muscles are
primarily extensors of
the wrist and fingers
and the supinator
1
2
3
4
5
Figure 10.16b
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Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
Anterior compartment (most) muscles of the hip and thigh
flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee
 Extend the leg (anterior compartment)
Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend
the thigh and flex the leg
 Flex and extend the thigh (posterior compartment)
Medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh
 Adduct the thigh (medial compartment)
 These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:
Flexion and Extension
 The most important thigh flexors are the iliopsoas (prime
mover), tensor fasciae latae, and rectus femoris
 The medially located adductor muscles and sartorius
assist in flexion
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:
Flexion and Extension
 Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstrings
(biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)
 Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus maximus
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1
2
3
4
5
10
6
11
7
12
8
9
Figure 10.19a
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:
Other Movements
 Abduction and rotation are effected by the gluteus
medius and gluteus minimus, and are antagonized by the
lateral rotators
 Thigh adduction is the role of five adductor muscles
(adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor
brevis; the pectineus, and the gracilis)
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1
2
*
*
3
4
5
6
Figure 10.20a
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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:
Other Movements
1
2
7
4
8
5
6
9
3
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Figure 10.20b
Movements:
Knee Joint
 sole extensor of the
knee
 quadriceps
femoris
 flex the knee, and
are antagonists to
the quadriceps
femoris
 hamstrings
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Figure 10.19a
Muscles of the
Anterior Compartment
1
primary toe extensors and ankle
dorsiflexors
2
3
 tibialis anterior
4
 extensor digitorum longus
 extensor hallucis longus
 fibularis (peroneus) tertius
5
6
7
Figure 10.21a
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Muscles of the
Anterior
Compartment
ISOLATED
Figure 10.21b-d
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Muscles of the
Lateral Compartment
1
2
plantar flex and evert the foot
3
 fibularis longus
4
 fibularis brevis
5
6
8
7
9
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Figure 10.22a
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment - ISOLATED
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Figure 10.22b, c
Muscles of the
Posterior Compartment
primarily flex the foot and the
toes
1
 gastrocnemius
 soleus
2
 tibialis posterior
 flexor digitorum longus
 flexor hallucis longus
3
4
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Figure 10.23a
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEP
1
2
3
4
Deep
5
6
Figure 10.23b, c
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEPEST
*
*
*
1
2
3
Deepest
4
7
5
6
Figure 10.23b, c
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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - ISOLATED
Figure 10.23d-f
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